bump cookie parser dependency to 1.0.1

Patch.js is simpler and follows upstream node.js closer as a result.

.travis.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 language: node_js
 node_js:
-  - "0.8"
   - "0.10"

History.md

@@ -1,27 +1,121 @@
-
-3.3.4 / 2013-07-08 
+4.0.0 /
 ==================
 
- * update send and connect
+ * remove:
+   - express(1) - moved to [express-generator](https://github.com/expressjs/generator)
+   - `req.accepted*` - use `req.accepts*()` instead
+   - `app.configure` - use logic in your own app code
+   - `express.createServer()` - it has been deprecated for a long time. Use `express()`
+   - `app.router` - is removed
+   - all bundled middleware except `static`
+ * change:
+   - `req.accepts*` -> `req.accepts*s` - i.e. `req.acceptsEncoding` -> `req.acceptsEncodings`
+   - `req.params` is now an object instead of an array
+   - `json spaces` no longer enabled by default in development
+   - `res.locals` is no longer a function. It is a plain js object. Treat it as such.
+   - `app.route` -> `app.mountpath` when mounting an express app in another express app
+   - `res.headerSent` -> `res.headersSent` to match node.js ServerResponse object
+ * refactor:
+   - `req.accepts*` with [accepts](https://github.com/expressjs/accepts)
+   - `req.is` with [type-is](https://github.com/expressjs/type-is)
+ * add:
+   - `app.router()` - returns the app Router instance
+   - `app.route()` - Proxy to the app's `Router#route()` method to create a new route
+   - Router & Route - public API
 
-3.3.3 / 2013-07-04 
+3.4.7 / 2013-12-10
 ==================
 
  * update connect
 
-3.3.2 / 2013-07-03 
+3.4.6 / 2013-12-01
+==================
+
+ * update connect (raw-body)
+
+3.4.5 / 2013-11-27
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * res.location: remove leading ./ #1802 @kapouer
+ * res.redirect: fix `res.redirect('toString') #1829 @michaelficarra
+ * res.send: always send ETag when content-length > 0
+ * router: add Router.all() method
+
+3.4.4 / 2013-10-29
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * update supertest
+ * update methods
+ * express(1): replace bodyParser() with urlencoded() and json() #1795 @chirag04
+
+3.4.3 / 2013-10-23
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.4.2 / 2013-10-18
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * downgrade commander
+
+3.4.1 / 2013-10-15
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+ * update commander
+ * jsonp: check if callback is a function
+ * router: wrap encodeURIComponent in a try/catch #1735 (@lxe)
+ * res.format: now includes chraset @1747 (@sorribas)
+ * res.links: allow multiple calls @1746 (@sorribas)
+
+3.4.0 / 2013-09-07
+==================
+
+ * add res.vary(). Closes #1682
+ * update connect
+
+3.3.8 / 2013-09-02
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.3.7 / 2013-08-28
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.3.6 / 2013-08-27
+==================
+
+ * Revert "remove charset from json responses. Closes #1631" (causes issues in some clients)
+ * add: req.accepts take an argument list
+
+3.3.4 / 2013-07-08
+==================
+
+ * update send and connect
+
+3.3.3 / 2013-07-04
+==================
+
+ * update connect
+
+3.3.2 / 2013-07-03
 ==================
 
  * update connect
  * update send
  * remove .version export
 
-3.3.1 / 2013-06-27 
+3.3.1 / 2013-06-27
 ==================
 
  * update connect
 
-3.3.0 / 2013-06-26 
+3.3.0 / 2013-06-26
 ==================
 
  * update connect
@@ -30,12 +124,12 @@
  * change: return actual booleans from req.accept* functions
  * fix jsonp callback array throw
 
-3.2.6 / 2013-06-02 
+3.2.6 / 2013-06-02
 ==================
 
  * update connect
 
-3.2.5 / 2013-05-21 
+3.2.5 / 2013-05-21
 ==================
 
  * update connect
@@ -43,23 +137,23 @@
  * add: throw a meaningful error when there is no default engine
  * change generation of ETags with res.send() to GET requests only. Closes #1619
 
-3.2.4 / 2013-05-09 
+3.2.4 / 2013-05-09
 ==================
-  
+
   * fix `req.subdomains` when no Host is present
   * fix `req.host` when no Host is present, return undefined
 
-3.2.3 / 2013-05-07 
+3.2.3 / 2013-05-07
 ==================
 
   * update connect / qs
 
-3.2.2 / 2013-05-03 
+3.2.2 / 2013-05-03
 ==================
 
   * update qs
 
-3.2.1 / 2013-04-29 
+3.2.1 / 2013-04-29
 ==================
 
   * add app.VERB() paths array deprecation warning
@@ -67,27 +161,27 @@
   * update qs and remove all ~ semver crap
   * fix: accept number as value of Signed Cookie
 
-3.2.0 / 2013-04-15 
+3.2.0 / 2013-04-15
 ==================
 
   * add "view" constructor setting to override view behaviour
   * add req.acceptsEncoding(name)
   * add req.acceptedEncodings
   * revert cookie signature change causing session race conditions
-  * fix sorting of Accept values of the same quality  
+  * fix sorting of Accept values of the same quality
 
-3.1.2 / 2013-04-12 
+3.1.2 / 2013-04-12
 ==================
 
   * add support for custom Accept parameters
   * update cookie-signature
 
-3.1.1 / 2013-04-01 
+3.1.1 / 2013-04-01
 ==================
 
   * add X-Forwarded-Host support to `req.host`
-  * fix relative redirects  
-  * update mkdirp 
+  * fix relative redirects
+  * update mkdirp
   * update buffer-crc32
   * remove legacy app.configure() method from app template.
 

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 (The MIT License)
 
-Copyright (c) 2009-2011 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+Copyright (c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the

Makefile

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ test: test-unit test-acceptance
 test-unit:
 	@NODE_ENV=test ./node_modules/.bin/mocha \
 		--reporter $(REPORTER) \
+		--globals setImmediate,clearImmediate \
 		$(MOCHA_OPTS)
 
 test-acceptance:
@@ -23,11 +24,11 @@ test-cov: lib-cov
 lib-cov:
 	@jscoverage lib lib-cov
 
-benchmark:
-	@./support/bench
+bench:
+	@$(MAKE) -C benchmarks
 
 clean:
 	rm -f coverage.html
 	rm -fr lib-cov
 
-.PHONY: test test-unit test-acceptance benchmark clean
+.PHONY: test test-unit test-acceptance bench clean

Readme.md

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-![express logo](http://f.cl.ly/items/0V2S1n0K1i3y1c122g04/Screen%20Shot%202012-04-11%20at%209.59.42%20AM.png)
+[![express logo](http://f.cl.ly/items/0V2S1n0K1i3y1c122g04/Screen%20Shot%202012-04-11%20at%209.59.42%20AM.png)](http://expressjs.com/)
 
-  Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework for [node](http://nodejs.org). [![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/visionmedia/express.png)](http://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/express) [![Dependency Status](https://gemnasium.com/visionmedia/express.png)](https://gemnasium.com/visionmedia/express)
+  Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework for [node](http://nodejs.org).
+
+  [![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/visionmedia/express.png)](http://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/express) [![Gittip](http://img.shields.io/gittip/visionmedia.png)](https://www.gittip.com/visionmedia/)
 
 ```js
 var express = require('express');
@@ -48,18 +50,19 @@ app.listen(3000);
 
 ## Philosophy
 
-  The Express philosophy is to provide small, robust tooling for HTTP servers. Making
+  The Express philosophy is to provide small, robust tooling for HTTP servers, making
   it a great solution for single page applications, web sites, hybrids, or public
   HTTP APIs.
 
-  Built on Connect you can use _only_ what you need, and nothing more, applications
+  Built on Connect, you can use _only_ what you need, and nothing more. Applications
   can be as big or as small as you like, even a single file. Express does
   not force you to use any specific ORM or template engine. With support for over
-  14 template engines via [Consolidate.js](http://github.com/visionmedia/consolidate.js)
+  14 template engines via [Consolidate.js](http://github.com/visionmedia/consolidate.js),
   you can quickly craft your perfect framework.
 
 ## More Information
 
+  * [Website and Documentation](http://expressjs.com/) stored at [visionmedia/expressjs.com](https://github.com/visionmedia/expressjs.com)
   * Join #express on freenode
   * [Google Group](http://groups.google.com/group/express-js) for discussion
   * Follow [tjholowaychuk](http://twitter.com/tjholowaychuk) on twitter for updates
@@ -69,89 +72,33 @@ app.listen(3000);
 
 ## Viewing Examples
 
-Clone the Express repo, then install the dev dependencies to install all the example / test suite deps:
+Clone the Express repo, then install the dev dependencies to install all the example / test suite dependencies:
 
     $ git clone git://github.com/visionmedia/express.git --depth 1
     $ cd express
     $ npm install
 
-then run whichever tests you want:
+Then run whichever tests you want:
 
     $ node examples/content-negotiation
 
+You can also view live examples here:
+
+<a href="https://runnable.com/express" target="_blank"><img src="https://runnable.com/external/styles/assets/runnablebtn.png" style="width:67px;height:25px;"></a>
+
 ## Running Tests
 
-To run the test suite first invoke the following command within the repo, installing the development dependencies:
+To run the test suite, first invoke the following command within the repo, installing the development dependencies:
 
     $ npm install
 
-then run the tests:
+Then run the tests:
 
     $ make test
 
 ## Contributors
 
-```
-project: express
-commits: 3559
-active : 468 days
-files  : 237
-authors:
- 1891	Tj Holowaychuk          53.1%
- 1285	visionmedia             36.1%
-  182	TJ Holowaychuk          5.1%
-   54	Aaron Heckmann          1.5%
-   34	csausdev                1.0%
-   26	ciaranj                 0.7%
-   21	Robert Sköld            0.6%
-    6	Guillermo Rauch         0.2%
-    3	Dav Glass               0.1%
-    3	Nick Poulden            0.1%
-    2	Randy Merrill           0.1%
-    2	Benny Wong              0.1%
-    2	Hunter Loftis           0.1%
-    2	Jake Gordon             0.1%
-    2	Brian McKinney          0.1%
-    2	Roman Shtylman          0.1%
-    2	Ben Weaver              0.1%
-    2	Dave Hoover             0.1%
-    2	Eivind Fjeldstad        0.1%
-    2	Daniel Shaw             0.1%
-    1	Matt Colyer             0.0%
-    1	Pau Ramon               0.0%
-    1	Pero Pejovic            0.0%
-    1	Peter Rekdal Sunde      0.0%
-    1	Raynos                  0.0%
-    1	Teng Siong Ong          0.0%
-    1	Viktor Kelemen          0.0%
-    1	ctide                   0.0%
-    1	8bitDesigner            0.0%
-    1	isaacs                  0.0%
-    1	mgutz                   0.0%
-    1	pikeas                  0.0%
-    1	shuwatto                0.0%
-    1	tstrimple               0.0%
-    1	ewoudj                  0.0%
-    1	Adam Sanderson          0.0%
-    1	Andrii Kostenko         0.0%
-    1	Andy Hiew               0.0%
-    1	Arpad Borsos            0.0%
-    1	Ashwin Purohit          0.0%
-    1	Benjen                  0.0%
-    1	Darren Torpey           0.0%
-    1	Greg Ritter             0.0%
-    1	Gregory Ritter          0.0%
-    1	James Herdman           0.0%
-    1	Jim Snodgrass           0.0%
-    1	Joe McCann              0.0%
-    1	Jonathan Dumaine        0.0%
-    1	Jonathan Palardy        0.0%
-    1	Jonathan Zacsh          0.0%
-    1	Justin Lilly            0.0%
-    1	Ken Sato                0.0%
-    1	Maciej Małecki          0.0%
-    1	Masahiro Hayashi        0.0%
-```
+  https://github.com/visionmedia/express/graphs/contributors
 
 ## License
 

benchmarks/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+all:
+	@./run 1 middleware
+	@./run 5 middleware
+	@./run 10 middleware
+	@./run 15 middleware
+	@./run 20 middleware
+	@./run 30 middleware
+	@./run 50 middleware
+	@./run 100 middleware
+	@echo
+
+.PHONY: all

benchmarks/middleware.js

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+var http = require('http');
+var express = require('..');
+var app = express();
+
+// number of middleware
+
+var n = parseInt(process.env.MW || '1', 10);
+console.log('  %s middleware', n);
+
+while (n--) {
+  app.use(function(req, res, next){
+    next();
+  });
+}
+
+var body = new Buffer('Hello World');
+
+app.use(function(req, res, next){
+  res.send(body);
+});
+
+app.listen(3333);

benchmarks/run

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+echo
+MW=$1 node $2 &
+pid=$!
+
+sleep 2
+
+wrk 'http://localhost:3333/?foo[bar]=baz' \
+  -d 3 \
+  -c 50 \
+  -t 8 \
+  | grep 'Requests/sec' \
+  | awk '{ print "  " $2 }'
+
+kill $pid

bin/express

@@ -1,423 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env node
-
-/**
- * Module dependencies.
- */
-
-var exec = require('child_process').exec
-  , program = require('commander')
-  , mkdirp = require('mkdirp')
-  , pkg = require('../package.json')
-  , version = pkg.version
-  , os = require('os')
-  , fs = require('fs');
-
-// CLI
-
-program
-  .version(version)
-  .usage('[options] [dir]')
-  .option('-s, --sessions', 'add session support')
-  .option('-e, --ejs', 'add ejs engine support (defaults to jade)')
-  .option('-J, --jshtml', 'add jshtml engine support (defaults to jade)')
-  .option('-H, --hogan', 'add hogan.js engine support')
-  .option('-c, --css <engine>', 'add stylesheet <engine> support (less|stylus) (defaults to plain css)')
-  .option('-f, --force', 'force on non-empty directory')
-  .parse(process.argv);
-
-// Path
-
-var path = program.args.shift() || '.';
-
-// end-of-line code
-
-var eol = os.EOL
-
-// Template engine
-
-program.template = 'jade';
-if (program.ejs) program.template = 'ejs';
-if (program.jshtml) program.template = 'jshtml';
-if (program.hogan) program.template = 'hjs';
-
-/**
- * Routes index template.
- */
-
-var index = [
-    ''
-  , '/*'
-  , ' * GET home page.'
-  , ' */'
-  , ''
-  , 'exports.index = function(req, res){'
-  , '  res.render(\'index\', { title: \'Express\' });'
-  , '};'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * Routes users template.
- */
-
-var users = [
-    ''
-  , '/*'
-  , ' * GET users listing.'
-  , ' */'
-  , ''
-  , 'exports.list = function(req, res){'
-  , '  res.send("respond with a resource");'
-  , '};'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * Jade layout template.
- */
-
-var jadeLayout = [
-    'doctype 5'
-  , 'html'
-  , '  head'
-  , '    title= title'
-  , '    link(rel=\'stylesheet\', href=\'/stylesheets/style.css\')'
-  , '  body'
-  , '    block content'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * Jade index template.
- */
-
-var jadeIndex = [
-    'extends layout'
-  , ''
-  , 'block content'
-  , '  h1= title'
-  , '  p Welcome to #{title}'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * EJS index template.
- */
-
-var ejsIndex = [
-    '<!DOCTYPE html>'
-  , '<html>'
-  , '  <head>'
-  , '    <title><%= title %></title>'
-  , '    <link rel=\'stylesheet\' href=\'/stylesheets/style.css\' />'
-  , '  </head>'
-  , '  <body>'
-  , '    <h1><%= title %></h1>'
-  , '    <p>Welcome to <%= title %></p>'
-  , '  </body>'
-  , '</html>'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * JSHTML layout template.
- */
-
-var jshtmlLayout = [
-    '<!DOCTYPE html>'
-  , '<html>'
-  , '  <head>'
-  , '    <title> @write(title) </title>'
-  , '    <link rel=\'stylesheet\' href=\'/stylesheets/style.css\' />'
-  , '  </head>'
-  , '  <body>'
-  , '    @write(body)'
-  , '  </body>'
-  , '</html>'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * JSHTML index template.
- */
-
-var jshtmlIndex = [
-    '<h1>@write(title)</h1>'
-  , '<p>Welcome to @write(title)</p>'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * Hogan.js index template.
- */
-var hoganIndex = [
-    '<!DOCTYPE html>'
-  , '<html>'
-  , '  <head>'
-  , '    <title>{{ title }}</title>'
-  , '    <link rel=\'stylesheet\' href=\'/stylesheets/style.css\' />'
-  , '  </head>'
-  , '  <body>'
-  , '    <h1>{{ title }}</h1>'
-  , '    <p>Welcome to {{ title }}</p>'
-  , '  </body>'
-  , '</html>'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * Default css template.
- */
-
-var css = [
-    'body {'
-  , '  padding: 50px;'
-  , '  font: 14px "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;'
-  , '}'
-  , ''
-  , 'a {'
-  , '  color: #00B7FF;'
-  , '}'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * Default less template.
- */
-
-var less = [
-    'body {'
-  , '  padding: 50px;'
-  , '  font: 14px "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;'
-  , '}'
-  , ''
-  , 'a {'
-  , '  color: #00B7FF;'
-  , '}'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * Default stylus template.
- */
-
-var stylus = [
-    'body'
-  , '  padding: 50px'
-  , '  font: 14px "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif'
-  , 'a'
-  , '  color: #00B7FF'
-].join(eol);
-
-/**
- * App template.
- */
-
-var app = [
-    ''
-  , '/**'
-  , ' * Module dependencies.'
-  , ' */'
-  , ''
-  , 'var express = require(\'express\');'
-  , 'var routes = require(\'./routes\');'
-  , 'var user = require(\'./routes/user\');'
-  , 'var http = require(\'http\');'
-  , 'var path = require(\'path\');'
-  , ''
-  , 'var app = express();'
-  , ''
-  , '// all environments'
-  , 'app.set(\'port\', process.env.PORT || 3000);'
-  , 'app.set(\'views\', __dirname + \'/views\');'
-  , 'app.set(\'view engine\', \':TEMPLATE\');'
-  , 'app.use(express.favicon());'
-  , 'app.use(express.logger(\'dev\'));'
-  , 'app.use(express.bodyParser());'
-  , 'app.use(express.methodOverride());{sess}'
-  , 'app.use(app.router);{css}'
-  , 'app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, \'public\')));'
-  , ''
-  , '// development only'
-  , 'if (\'development\' == app.get(\'env\')) {'
-  , '  app.use(express.errorHandler());'
-  , '}'
-  , ''
-  , 'app.get(\'/\', routes.index);'
-  , 'app.get(\'/users\', user.list);'
-  , ''
-  , 'http.createServer(app).listen(app.get(\'port\'), function(){'
-  , '  console.log(\'Express server listening on port \' + app.get(\'port\'));'
-  , '});'
-  , ''
-].join(eol);
-
-// Generate application
-
-(function createApplication(path) {
-  emptyDirectory(path, function(empty){
-    if (empty || program.force) {
-      createApplicationAt(path);
-    } else {
-      program.confirm('destination is not empty, continue? ', function(ok){
-        if (ok) {
-          process.stdin.destroy();
-          createApplicationAt(path);
-        } else {
-          abort('aborting');
-        }
-      });
-    }
-  });
-})(path);
-
-/**
- * Create application at the given directory `path`.
- *
- * @param {String} path
- */
-
-function createApplicationAt(path) {
-  console.log();
-  process.on('exit', function(){
-    console.log();
-    console.log('   install dependencies:');
-    console.log('     $ cd %s && npm install', path);
-    console.log();
-    console.log('   run the app:');
-    console.log('     $ node app');
-    console.log();
-  });
-
-  mkdir(path, function(){
-    mkdir(path + '/public');
-    mkdir(path + '/public/javascripts');
-    mkdir(path + '/public/images');
-    mkdir(path + '/public/stylesheets', function(){
-      switch (program.css) {
-        case 'less':
-          write(path + '/public/stylesheets/style.less', less);
-          break;
-        case 'stylus':
-          write(path + '/public/stylesheets/style.styl', stylus);
-          break;
-        default:
-          write(path + '/public/stylesheets/style.css', css);
-      }
-    });
-
-    mkdir(path + '/routes', function(){
-      write(path + '/routes/index.js', index);
-      write(path + '/routes/user.js', users);
-    });
-
-    mkdir(path + '/views', function(){
-      switch (program.template) {
-        case 'ejs':
-          write(path + '/views/index.ejs', ejsIndex);
-          break;
-        case 'jade':
-          write(path + '/views/layout.jade', jadeLayout);
-          write(path + '/views/index.jade', jadeIndex);
-          break;
-        case 'jshtml':
-          write(path + '/views/layout.jshtml', jshtmlLayout);
-          write(path + '/views/index.jshtml', jshtmlIndex);
-          break;
-        case 'hjs':
-          write(path + '/views/index.hjs', hoganIndex);
-          break;
-
-      }
-    });
-
-    // CSS Engine support
-    switch (program.css) {
-      case 'less':
-        app = app.replace('{css}', eol + 'app.use(require(\'less-middleware\')({ src: __dirname + \'/public\' }));');
-        break;
-      case 'stylus':
-        app = app.replace('{css}', eol + 'app.use(require(\'stylus\').middleware(__dirname + \'/public\'));');
-        break;
-      default:
-        app = app.replace('{css}', '');
-    }
-
-    // Session support
-    app = app.replace('{sess}', program.sessions
-      ? eol + 'app.use(express.cookieParser(\'your secret here\'));' + eol + 'app.use(express.session());'
-      : '');
-
-    // Template support
-    app = app.replace(':TEMPLATE', program.template);
-
-    // package.json
-    var pkg = {
-        name: 'application-name'
-      , version: '0.0.1'
-      , private: true
-      , scripts: { start: 'node app.js' }
-      , dependencies: {
-        express: version
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (program.template) pkg.dependencies[program.template] = '*';
-
-    // CSS Engine support
-    switch (program.css) {
-      case 'less':
-        pkg.dependencies['less-middleware'] = '*';
-        break;
-      default:
-        if (program.css) {
-          pkg.dependencies[program.css] = '*';
-        }
-    }
-
-    write(path + '/package.json', JSON.stringify(pkg, null, 2));
-    write(path + '/app.js', app);
-  });
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if the given directory `path` is empty.
- *
- * @param {String} path
- * @param {Function} fn
- */
-
-function emptyDirectory(path, fn) {
-  fs.readdir(path, function(err, files){
-    if (err && 'ENOENT' != err.code) throw err;
-    fn(!files || !files.length);
-  });
-}
-
-/**
- * echo str > path.
- *
- * @param {String} path
- * @param {String} str
- */
-
-function write(path, str) {
-  fs.writeFile(path, str);
-  console.log('   \x1b[36mcreate\x1b[0m : ' + path);
-}
-
-/**
- * Mkdir -p.
- *
- * @param {String} path
- * @param {Function} fn
- */
-
-function mkdir(path, fn) {
-  mkdirp(path, 0755, function(err){
-    if (err) throw err;
-    console.log('   \033[36mcreate\033[0m : ' + path);
-    fn && fn();
-  });
-}
-
-/**
- * Exit with the given `str`.
- *
- * @param {String} str
- */
-
-function abort(str) {
-  console.error(str);
-  process.exit(1);
-}

examples/auth/app.js

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../..')
-  , hash = require('./pass').hash;
+  , hash = require('./pass').hash
+  , bodyParser = require('body-parser')
+  , cookieParser = require('cookie-parser')
+  , session = require('express-session')
 
 var app = module.exports = express();
 
@@ -14,9 +17,9 @@ app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');
 
 // middleware
 
-app.use(express.bodyParser());
-app.use(express.cookieParser('shhhh, very secret'));
-app.use(express.session());
+app.use(bodyParser());
+app.use(cookieParser('shhhh, very secret'));
+app.use(session());
 
 // Session-persisted message middleware
 

examples/auth/pass.js

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ var iterations = 12000;
 exports.hash = function (pwd, salt, fn) {
   if (3 == arguments.length) {
     crypto.pbkdf2(pwd, salt, iterations, len, function(err, hash){
-      fn(err, (new Buffer(hash, 'binary')).toString('base64'));
+      fn(err, hash.toString('base64'));
     });
   } else {
     fn = salt;
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ exports.hash = function (pwd, salt, fn) {
       salt = salt.toString('base64');
       crypto.pbkdf2(pwd, salt, iterations, len, function(err, hash){
         if (err) return fn(err);
-        fn(null, salt, (new Buffer(hash, 'binary')).toString('base64'));
+        fn(null, salt, hash.toString('base64'));
       });
     });
   }
-};
+};

examples/big-view/index.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 
 var express = require('../..')
+  , logger = require('morgan')
   , app = express();
 
 app.set('views', __dirname);
@@ -14,11 +15,11 @@ while (n--) {
   pets.push({ name: 'Jane', age: 6, species: 'ferret' });
 }
 
-app.use(express.logger('dev'));
+app.use(logger('dev'));
 
 app.get('/', function(req, res){
   res.render('pets', { pets: pets });
 });
 
 app.listen(3000);
-console.log('Express listening on port 3000');
+console.log('Express listening on port 3000');

examples/content-negotiation/index.js

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-
 var express = require('../../')
   , app = module.exports = express()
   , users = require('./db');
 
+// so either you can deal with different types of formatting 
+// for expected response in index.js
 app.get('/', function(req, res){
   res.format({
     html: function(){
@@ -24,10 +25,11 @@ app.get('/', function(req, res){
 });
 
 // or you could write a tiny middleware like
-// this to abstract make things a bit more declarative:
+// this to add a layer of abstraction
+// and make things a bit more declarative:
 
-function format(mod) {
-  var obj = require(mod);
+function format(path) {
+  var obj = require(path);
   return function(req, res){
     res.format(obj);
   }
@@ -38,4 +40,4 @@ app.get('/users', format('./users'));
 if (!module.parent) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('listening on port 3000');
-}
+}

examples/cookie-sessions/index.js

@@ -4,17 +4,19 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../../');
+var favicon = require('static-favicon');
+var cookie-parser = require('cookie-parser');
 
 var app = module.exports = express();
 
 // ignore GET /favicon.ico
-app.use(express.favicon());
+app.use(favicon());
 
 // pass a secret to cookieParser() for signed cookies
-app.use(express.cookieParser('manny is cool'));
+app.use(cookieParser('manny is cool'));
 
 // add req.session cookie support
-app.use(express.cookieSession());
+app.use(cookieSession());
 
 // do something with the session
 app.use(count);
@@ -29,4 +31,4 @@ function count(req, res) {
 if (!module.parent) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express server listening on port 3000');
-}
+}

examples/cookies/app.js

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../../')
-  , app = module.exports = express();
+  , app = module.exports = express()
+  , favicon = require('static-favicon')
+  , logger = require('morgan')
+  , cookieParser = require('cookie-parser')
+  , bodyParser = require('body-parser')
 
 
 // add favicon() before logger() so
@@ -12,20 +16,20 @@ var express = require('../../')
 // logged, because this middleware
 // reponds to /favicon.ico and does not
 // call next()
-app.use(express.favicon());
+app.use(favicon());
 
 // custom log format
 if ('test' != process.env.NODE_ENV)
-  app.use(express.logger(':method :url'));
+  app.use(logger(':method :url'));
 
 // parses request cookies, populating
 // req.cookies and req.signedCookies
-// when the secret is passed, used 
+// when the secret is passed, used
 // for signing the cookies.
-app.use(express.cookieParser('my secret here'));
+app.use(cookieParser('my secret here'));
 
 // parses json, x-www-form-urlencoded, and multipart/form-data
-app.use(express.bodyParser());
+app.use(bodyParser());
 
 app.get('/', function(req, res){
   if (req.cookies.remember) {
@@ -51,4 +55,4 @@ app.post('/', function(req, res){
 if (!module.parent){
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
-}
+}

examples/cors/index.js

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../..')
+  , logger = require('morgan')
   , app = express()
+  , bodyParser = require('body-parser')
   , api = express();
 
 // app middleware
@@ -12,8 +14,8 @@ app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
 
 // api middleware
 
-api.use(express.logger('dev'));
-api.use(express.bodyParser());
+api.use(logger('dev'));
+api.use(bodyParser());
 
 /**
  * CORS support.

examples/error-pages/index.js

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 var express = require('../../')
   , app = module.exports = express()
+  , logger = require('morgan')
+  , favicon = require('static-favicon')
   , silent = 'test' == process.env.NODE_ENV;
 
 // general config
@@ -21,18 +23,36 @@ if ('production' == app.settings.env) {
   app.disable('verbose errors');
 }
 
-app.use(express.favicon());
+app.use(favicon());
 
-silent || app.use(express.logger('dev'));
+silent || app.use(logger('dev'));
 
-// "app.router" positions our routes 
-// above the middleware defined below,
-// this means that Express will attempt
-// to match & call routes _before_ continuing
-// on, at which point we assume it's a 404 because
-// no route has handled the request.
+// Routes
 
-app.use(app.router);
+app.get('/', function(req, res){
+  res.render('index.jade');
+});
+
+app.get('/404', function(req, res, next){
+  // trigger a 404 since no other middleware
+  // will match /404 after this one, and we're not
+  // responding here
+  next();
+});
+
+app.get('/403', function(req, res, next){
+  // trigger a 403 error
+  var err = new Error('not allowed!');
+  err.status = 403;
+  next(err);
+});
+
+app.get('/500', function(req, res, next){
+  // trigger a generic (500) error
+  next(new Error('keyboard cat!'));
+});
+
+// Error handlers
 
 // Since this is the last non-error-handling
 // middleware use()d, we assume 404, as nothing else
@@ -44,7 +64,7 @@ app.use(app.router);
 
 app.use(function(req, res, next){
   res.status(404);
-  
+
   // respond with html page
   if (req.accepts('html')) {
     res.render('404', { url: req.url });
@@ -81,32 +101,8 @@ app.use(function(err, req, res, next){
   res.render('500', { error: err });
 });
 
-// Routes
-
-app.get('/', function(req, res){
-  res.render('index.jade');
-});
-
-app.get('/404', function(req, res, next){
-  // trigger a 404 since no other middleware
-  // will match /404 after this one, and we're not
-  // responding here
-  next();
-});
-
-app.get('/403', function(req, res, next){
-  // trigger a 403 error
-  var err = new Error('not allowed!');
-  err.status = 403;
-  next(err);
-});
-
-app.get('/500', function(req, res, next){
-  // trigger a generic (500) error
-  next(new Error('keyboard cat!'));
-});
 
 if (!module.parent) {
   app.listen(3000);
   silent || console.log('Express started on port 3000');
-}
+}

examples/error/index.js

@@ -4,17 +4,11 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../../')
+  , logger = require('morgan')
   , app = module.exports = express()
   , test = app.get('env') == 'test';
 
-if (!test) app.use(express.logger('dev'));
-app.use(app.router);
-
-// the error handler is strategically
-// placed *below* the app.router; if it
-// were above it would not receive errors
-// from app.get() etc 
-app.use(error);
+if (!test) app.use(logger('dev'));
 
 // error handling middleware have an arity of 4
 // instead of the typical (req, res, next),
@@ -42,7 +36,12 @@ app.get('/next', function(req, res, next){
   });
 });
 
+// the error handler is placed after routes
+// if it were above it would not receive errors
+// from app.get() etc
+app.use(error);
+
 if (!module.parent) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
-}
+}

examples/expose-data-to-client/index.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 
 var express = require('../..')
+  , logger = require('morgan')
   , app = express();
 
 app.set('view engine', 'jade');
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ User.prototype.toJSON = function(){
   }
 };
 
-app.use(express.logger('dev'));
+app.use(logger('dev'));
 
 // earlier on expose an object
 // that we can tack properties on.
@@ -57,4 +58,4 @@ app.get('/user', function(req, res){
 });
 
 app.listen(3000);
-console.log('app listening on port 3000');
+console.log('app listening on port 3000');

examples/jade/views/layout.jade

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-!!! 5
+doctype html
 html
   include header
   body
-    block content
+    block content

examples/mvc/index.js

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 var express = require('../..');
+var logger = require('morgan');
+var session = require('express-session');
+var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
 
 var app = module.exports = express();
 
@@ -25,20 +29,17 @@ app.response.message = function(msg){
 };
 
 // log
-if (!module.parent) app.use(express.logger('dev'));
+if (!module.parent) app.use(logger('dev'));
 
 // serve static files
 app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
 
 // session support
-app.use(express.cookieParser('some secret here'));
-app.use(express.session());
+app.use(cookieParser('some secret here'));
+app.use(session());
 
 // parse request bodies (req.body)
-app.use(express.bodyParser());
-
-// support _method (PUT in forms etc)
-app.use(express.methodOverride());
+app.use(bodyParser());
 
 // expose the "messages" local variable when views are rendered
 app.use(function(req, res, next){

examples/route-separation/index.js

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 
 var express = require('../..')
   , app = express()
+  , logger = require('morgan')
+  , cookieParser = require('cookie-parser')
+  , bodyParser = require('body-parser')
   , site = require('./site')
   , post = require('./post')
   , user = require('./user');
@@ -13,10 +16,9 @@ var express = require('../..')
 
 app.set('view engine', 'jade');
 app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');
-app.use(express.logger('dev'));
-app.use(express.cookieParser());
-app.use(express.bodyParser());
-app.use(express.methodOverride());
+app.use(logger('dev'));
+app.use(cookieParser());
+app.use(bodyParser());
 app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
 
 // General

examples/session/index.js

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ var express = require('../..');
 
 var app = express();
 
-app.use(express.logger('dev'));
-
 // Required by session() middleware
 // pass the secret for signed cookies
 // (required by session())

examples/static-files/index.js

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 
 var express = require('../..');
+var logger = require('morgan');
 var app = express();
 
 // log requests
-app.use(express.logger('dev'));
+app.use(logger('dev'));
 
 // express on its own has no notion
 // of a "file". The express.static()
@@ -41,4 +42,4 @@ console.log('listening on port 3000');
 console.log('try:');
 console.log('  GET /hello.txt');
 console.log('  GET /js/app.js');
-console.log('  GET /css/style.css');
+console.log('  GET /css/style.css');

examples/vhost/index.js

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../..');
+var logger = require('morgan');
 
 /*
 edit /etc/hosts:
@@ -16,14 +17,14 @@ edit /etc/hosts:
 
 var main = express();
 
-main.use(express.logger('dev'));
+main.use(logger('dev'));
 
 main.get('/', function(req, res){
   res.send('Hello from main app!')
 });
 
 main.get('/:sub', function(req, res){
-  res.send('requsted ' + req.params.sub);
+  res.send('requested ' + req.params.sub);
 });
 
 // Redirect app

examples/view-locals/layout.jade

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-doctype 5
+doctype html
 html
   head
     title= title

examples/web-service/index.js

@@ -40,29 +40,6 @@ app.use('/api', function(req, res, next){
   next();
 });
 
-// position our routes above the error handling middleware,
-// and below our API middleware, since we want the API validation
-// to take place BEFORE our routes
-app.use(app.router);
-
-// middleware with an arity of 4 are considered
-// error handling middleware. When you next(err)
-// it will be passed through the defined middleware
-// in order, but ONLY those with an arity of 4, ignoring
-// regular middleware.
-app.use(function(err, req, res, next){
-  // whatever you want here, feel free to populate
-  // properties on `err` to treat it differently in here.
-  res.send(err.status || 500, { error: err.message });
-});
-
-// our custom JSON 404 middleware. Since it's placed last
-// it will be the last middleware called, if all others
-// invoke next() and do not respond.
-app.use(function(req, res){
-  res.send(404, { error: "Lame, can't find that" });
-});
-
 // map of valid api keys, typically mapped to
 // account info with some sort of database like redis.
 // api keys do _not_ serve as authentication, merely to
@@ -104,12 +81,30 @@ app.get('/api/repos', function(req, res, next){
 app.get('/api/user/:name/repos', function(req, res, next){
   var name = req.params.name
     , user = userRepos[name];
-  
+
   if (user) res.send(user);
   else next();
 });
 
+// middleware with an arity of 4 are considered
+// error handling middleware. When you next(err)
+// it will be passed through the defined middleware
+// in order, but ONLY those with an arity of 4, ignoring
+// regular middleware.
+app.use(function(err, req, res, next){
+  // whatever you want here, feel free to populate
+  // properties on `err` to treat it differently in here.
+  res.send(err.status || 500, { error: err.message });
+});
+
+// our custom JSON 404 middleware. Since it's placed last
+// it will be the last middleware called, if all others
+// invoke next() and do not respond.
+app.use(function(req, res){
+  res.send(404, { error: "Lame, can't find that" });
+});
+
 if (!module.parent) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express server listening on port 3000');
-}
+}

lib/application.js

@@ -2,17 +2,15 @@
  * Module dependencies.
  */
 
-var connect = require('connect')
+var mixin = require('utils-merge')
+  , escapeHtml = require('escape-html')
   , Router = require('./router')
   , methods = require('methods')
-  , middleware = require('./middleware')
+  , middleware = require('./middleware/init')
+  , query = require('./middleware/query')
   , debug = require('debug')('express:application')
-  , locals = require('./utils').locals
   , View = require('./view')
-  , utils = connect.utils
-  , path = require('path')
-  , http = require('http')
-  , join = path.join;
+  , http = require('http');
 
 /**
  * Application prototype.
@@ -47,13 +45,11 @@ app.defaultConfiguration = function(){
   // default settings
   this.enable('x-powered-by');
   this.enable('etag');
-  this.set('env', process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development');
+  var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';
+  this.set('env', env);
   this.set('subdomain offset', 2);
-  debug('booting in %s mode', this.get('env'));
 
-  // implicit middleware
-  this.use(connect.query());
-  this.use(middleware.init(this));
+  debug('booting in %s mode', env);
 
   // inherit protos
   this.on('mount', function(parent){
@@ -63,18 +59,11 @@ app.defaultConfiguration = function(){
     this.settings.__proto__ = parent.settings;
   });
 
-  // router
-  this._router = new Router(this);
-  this.routes = this._router.map;
-  this.__defineGetter__('router', function(){
-    this._usedRouter = true;
-    this._router.caseSensitive = this.enabled('case sensitive routing');
-    this._router.strict = this.enabled('strict routing');
-    return this._router.middleware;
-  });
-
   // setup locals
-  this.locals = locals(this);
+  this.locals = Object.create(null);
+
+  // top-most app is mounted at /
+  this.mountpath = '/';
 
   // default locals
   this.locals.settings = this.settings;
@@ -84,18 +73,94 @@ app.defaultConfiguration = function(){
   this.set('views', process.cwd() + '/views');
   this.set('jsonp callback name', 'callback');
 
-  this.configure('development', function(){
-    this.set('json spaces', 2);
-  });
-
-  this.configure('production', function(){
+  if (env === 'production') {
     this.enable('view cache');
+  }
+
+  Object.defineProperty(this, 'router', {
+    get: function() {
+      throw new Error('\'app.router\' is deprecated!\nPlease see the 3.x to 4.x migration guide for details on how to update your app.');
+    }
   });
 };
 
 /**
- * Proxy `connect#use()` to apply settings to
- * mounted applications.
+ * lazily adds the base router if it has not yet been added.
+ *
+ * We cannot add the base router in the defaultConfiguration because
+ * it reads app settings which might be set after that has run.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+app.lazyrouter = function() {
+  if (!this._router) {
+    this._router = new Router({
+      caseSensitive: this.enabled('case sensitive routing'),
+      strict: this.enabled('strict routing')
+    });
+
+    this._router.use(query());
+    this._router.use(middleware.init(this));
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Dispatch a req, res pair into the application. Starts pipeline processing.
+ *
+ * If no _done_ callback is provided, then default error handlers will respond
+ * in the event of an error bubbling through the stack.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+app.handle = function(req, res, done) {
+  var env = this.get('env');
+
+  this._router.handle(req, res, function(err) {
+    if (done) {
+      return done(err);
+    }
+
+    // unhandled error
+    if (err) {
+      // default to 500
+      if (res.statusCode < 400) res.statusCode = 500;
+      debug('default %s', res.statusCode);
+
+      // respect err.status
+      if (err.status) res.statusCode = err.status;
+
+      // production gets a basic error message
+      var msg = 'production' == env
+        ? http.STATUS_CODES[res.statusCode]
+        : err.stack || err.toString();
+      msg = escapeHtml(msg);
+
+      // log to stderr in a non-test env
+      if ('test' != env) console.error(err.stack || err.toString());
+      if (res.headersSent) return req.socket.destroy();
+      res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
+      res.setHeader('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(msg));
+      if ('HEAD' == req.method) return res.end();
+      res.end(msg);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // 404
+    debug('default 404');
+    res.statusCode = 404;
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
+    if ('HEAD' == req.method) return res.end();
+    res.end('Cannot ' + escapeHtml(req.method) + ' ' + escapeHtml(req.originalUrl) + '\n');
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Proxy `Router#use()` to add middleware to the app router.
+ * See Router#use() documentation for details.
+ *
+ * If the _fn_ parameter is an express app, then it will be
+ * mounted at the _route_ specified.
  *
  * @param {String|Function|Server} route
  * @param {Function|Server} fn
@@ -104,20 +169,21 @@ app.defaultConfiguration = function(){
  */
 
 app.use = function(route, fn){
-  var app;
+  var mount_app;
 
   // default route to '/'
   if ('string' != typeof route) fn = route, route = '/';
 
   // express app
-  if (fn.handle && fn.set) app = fn;
+  if (fn.handle && fn.set) mount_app = fn;
 
   // restore .app property on req and res
-  if (app) {
-    app.route = route;
+  if (mount_app) {
+    debug('.use app under %s', route);
+    mount_app.mountpath = route;
     fn = function(req, res, next) {
       var orig = req.app;
-      app.handle(req, res, function(err){
+      mount_app.handle(req, res, function(err) {
         req.__proto__ = orig.request;
         res.__proto__ = orig.response;
         next(err);
@@ -125,17 +191,31 @@ app.use = function(route, fn){
     };
   }
 
-  connect.proto.use.call(this, route, fn);
+  this.lazyrouter();
+  this._router.use(route, fn);
 
   // mounted an app
-  if (app) {
-    app.parent = this;
-    app.emit('mount', this);
+  if (mount_app) {
+    mount_app.parent = this;
+    mount_app.emit('mount', this);
   }
 
   return this;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Proxy to the app `Router#route()`
+ * Returns a new `Route` instance for the _path_.
+ *
+ * Routes are isolated middleware stacks for specific paths.
+ * See the Route api docs for details.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+app.route = function(path){
+};
+
 /**
  * Register the given template engine callback `fn`
  * as `ext`.
@@ -178,30 +258,10 @@ app.engine = function(ext, fn){
 };
 
 /**
- * Map the given param placeholder `name`(s) to the given callback(s).
+ * Proxy to `Router#param()` with one added api feature. The _name_ parameter
+ * can be an array of names.
  *
- * Parameter mapping is used to provide pre-conditions to routes
- * which use normalized placeholders. For example a _:user_id_ parameter
- * could automatically load a user's information from the database without
- * any additional code,
- *
- * The callback uses the same signature as middleware, the only differencing
- * being that the value of the placeholder is passed, in this case the _id_
- * of the user. Once the `next()` function is invoked, just like middleware
- * it will continue on to execute the route, or subsequent parameter functions.
- *
- *      app.param('user_id', function(req, res, next, id){
- *        User.find(id, function(err, user){
- *          if (err) {
- *            next(err);
- *          } else if (user) {
- *            req.user = user;
- *            next();
- *          } else {
- *            next(new Error('failed to load user'));
- *          }
- *        });
- *      });
+ * See the Router#param() docs for more details.
  *
  * @param {String|Array} name
  * @param {Function} fn
@@ -210,27 +270,17 @@ app.engine = function(ext, fn){
  */
 
 app.param = function(name, fn){
-  var self = this
-    , fns = [].slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  var self = this;
+  self.lazyrouter();
 
-  // array
   if (Array.isArray(name)) {
-    name.forEach(function(name){
-      fns.forEach(function(fn){
-        self.param(name, fn);
-      });
-    });
-  // param logic
-  } else if ('function' == typeof name) {
-    this._router.param(name);
-  // single
-  } else {
-    if (':' == name[0]) name = name.substr(1);
-    fns.forEach(function(fn){
-      self._router.param(name, fn);
+    name.forEach(function(key) {
+      self.param(key, fn);
     });
+    return this;
   }
 
+  self._router.param(name, fn);
   return this;
 };
 
@@ -244,7 +294,7 @@ app.param = function(name, fn){
  * Mounted servers inherit their parent server's settings.
  *
  * @param {String} setting
- * @param {String} val
+ * @param {*} [val]
  * @return {Server} for chaining
  * @api public
  */
@@ -274,7 +324,7 @@ app.set = function(setting, val){
 
 app.path = function(){
   return this.parent
-    ? this.parent.path() + this.route
+    ? this.parent.path() + this.mountpath
     : '';
 };
 
@@ -340,60 +390,6 @@ app.disable = function(setting){
   return this.set(setting, false);
 };
 
-/**
- * Configure callback for zero or more envs,
- * when no `env` is specified that callback will
- * be invoked for all environments. Any combination
- * can be used multiple times, in any order desired.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *    app.configure(function(){
- *      // executed for all envs
- *    });
- *
- *    app.configure('stage', function(){
- *      // executed staging env
- *    });
- *
- *    app.configure('stage', 'production', function(){
- *      // executed for stage and production
- *    });
- *
- * Note:
- *
- *  These callbacks are invoked immediately, and
- *  are effectively sugar for the following:
- *
- *     var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';
- *
- *      switch (env) {
- *        case 'development':
- *          ...
- *          break;
- *        case 'stage':
- *          ...
- *          break;
- *        case 'production':
- *          ...
- *          break;
- *      }
- *
- * @param {String} env...
- * @param {Function} fn
- * @return {app} for chaining
- * @api public
- */
-
-app.configure = function(env, fn){
-  var envs = 'all'
-    , args = [].slice.call(arguments);
-  fn = args.pop();
-  if (args.length) envs = args;
-  if ('all' == envs || ~envs.indexOf(this.settings.env)) fn.call(this);
-  return this;
-};
-
 /**
  * Delegate `.VERB(...)` calls to `router.VERB(...)`.
  */
@@ -402,16 +398,17 @@ methods.forEach(function(method){
   app[method] = function(path){
     if ('get' == method && 1 == arguments.length) return this.set(path);
 
+    this.lazyrouter();
+
     // deprecated
     if (Array.isArray(path)) {
       console.trace('passing an array to app.VERB() is deprecated and will be removed in 4.0');
     }
 
-    // if no router attached yet, attach the router
-    if (!this._usedRouter) this.use(this.router);
-
-    // setup route
-    this._router[method].apply(this._router, arguments);
+    var route = this._router.route(path);
+    for (var i=1 ; i<arguments.length ; ++i) {
+      route[method](arguments[i]);
+    }
     return this;
   };
 });
@@ -427,10 +424,16 @@ methods.forEach(function(method){
  */
 
 app.all = function(path){
+  this.lazyrouter();
+
+  var route = this._router.route(path);
   var args = arguments;
   methods.forEach(function(method){
-    app[method].apply(this, args);
-  }, this);
+    for (var i=1 ; i<args.length ; ++i) {
+      route[method](args[i]);
+    }
+  });
+
   return this;
 };
 
@@ -467,13 +470,13 @@ app.render = function(name, options, fn){
   }
 
   // merge app.locals
-  utils.merge(opts, this.locals);
+  mixin(opts, this.locals);
 
   // merge options._locals
-  if (options._locals) utils.merge(opts, options._locals);
+  if (options._locals) mixin(opts, options._locals);
 
   // merge options
-  utils.merge(opts, options);
+  mixin(opts, options);
 
   // set .cache unless explicitly provided
   opts.cache = null == opts.cache
@@ -492,7 +495,7 @@ app.render = function(name, options, fn){
     });
 
     if (!view.path) {
-      var err = new Error('Failed to lookup view "' + name + '"');
+      var err = new Error('Failed to lookup view "' + name + '" in views directory "' + view.root + '"');
       err.view = view;
       return fn(err);
     }

lib/express.js

@@ -2,13 +2,19 @@
  * Module dependencies.
  */
 
-var connect = require('connect')
-  , proto = require('./application')
+var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+
+var merge = require('merge-descriptors')
+  , mixin = require('utils-merge')
+
+var proto = require('./application')
   , Route = require('./router/route')
   , Router = require('./router')
   , req = require('./request')
   , res = require('./response')
-  , utils = connect.utils;
+
+// monkey patch ServerResponse methods
+require('./patch')
 
 /**
  * Expose `createApplication()`.
@@ -16,12 +22,6 @@ var connect = require('connect')
 
 exports = module.exports = createApplication;
 
-/**
- * Expose mime.
- */
-
-exports.mime = connect.mime;
-
 /**
  * Create an express application.
  *
@@ -30,41 +30,19 @@ exports.mime = connect.mime;
  */
 
 function createApplication() {
-  var app = connect();
-  utils.merge(app, proto);
+  var app = function(req, res, next) {
+    app.handle(req, res, next);
+  };
+
+  mixin(app, proto);
+  mixin(app, EventEmitter.prototype);
+
   app.request = { __proto__: req, app: app };
   app.response = { __proto__: res, app: app };
   app.init();
   return app;
 }
 
-/**
- * Expose connect.middleware as express.*
- * for example `express.logger` etc.
- */
-
-for (var key in connect.middleware) {
-  Object.defineProperty(
-      exports
-    , key
-    , Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(connect.middleware, key));
-}
-
-/**
- * Error on createServer().
- */
-
-exports.createServer = function(){
-  console.warn('Warning: express.createServer() is deprecated, express');
-  console.warn('applications no longer inherit from http.Server,');
-  console.warn('please use:');
-  console.warn('');
-  console.warn('  var express = require("express");');
-  console.warn('  var app = express();');
-  console.warn('');
-  return createApplication();
-};
-
 /**
  * Expose the prototypes.
  */
@@ -80,7 +58,8 @@ exports.response = res;
 exports.Route = Route;
 exports.Router = Router;
 
-// Error handler title
-
-exports.errorHandler.title = 'Express';
+/**
+ * Expose middleware
+ */
 
+exports.static = require('./middleware/static');

lib/middleware/init.js

@@ -1,10 +1,3 @@
-
-/**
- * Module dependencies.
- */
-
-var utils = require('./utils');
-
 /**
  * Initialization middleware, exposing the
  * request and response to eachother, as well
@@ -25,8 +18,9 @@ exports.init = function(app){
     req.__proto__ = app.request;
     res.__proto__ = app.response;
 
-    res.locals = res.locals || utils.locals(res);
+    res.locals = res.locals || Object.create(null);
 
     next();
   }
 };
+

lib/middleware/query.js

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+var qs = require('qs');
+var parseUrl = require('../utils').parseUrl;
+
+/**
+ * Query:
+ *
+ * Automatically parse the query-string when available,
+ * populating the `req.query` object using
+ * [qs](https://github.com/visionmedia/node-querystring).
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *       .use(connect.query())
+ *       .use(function(req, res){
+ *         res.end(JSON.stringify(req.query));
+ *       });
+ *
+ *  The `options` passed are provided to qs.parse function.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function query(options){
+  return function query(req, res, next){
+    if (!req.query) {
+      req.query = ~req.url.indexOf('?')
+        ? qs.parse(parseUrl(req).query, options)
+        : {};
+    }
+
+    next();
+  };
+};

lib/middleware/static.js

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*!
+ * Connect - static
+ * Copyright(c) 2010 Sencha Inc.
+ * Copyright(c) 2011 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var send = require('send')
+  , utils = require('../utils')
+  , parse = utils.parseUrl
+  , url = require('url');
+
+/**
+ * Static:
+ *
+ *   Static file server with the given `root` path.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *     var oneDay = 86400000;
+ *
+ *     connect()
+ *       .use(connect.static(__dirname + '/public'))
+ *
+ *     connect()
+ *       .use(connect.static(__dirname + '/public', { maxAge: oneDay }))
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *    - `maxAge`     Browser cache maxAge in milliseconds. defaults to 0
+ *    - `hidden`     Allow transfer of hidden files. defaults to false
+ *    - `redirect`   Redirect to trailing "/" when the pathname is a dir. defaults to true
+ *    - `index`      Default file name, defaults to 'index.html'
+ *
+ * @param {String} root
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = function(root, options){
+  options = options || {};
+
+  // root required
+  if (!root) throw new Error('static() root path required');
+
+  // default redirect
+  var redirect = false !== options.redirect;
+
+  return function staticMiddleware(req, res, next) {
+    if ('GET' != req.method && 'HEAD' != req.method) return next();
+    var originalUrl = url.parse(req.originalUrl);
+    var path = parse(req).pathname;
+
+    if (path == '/' && originalUrl.pathname[originalUrl.pathname.length - 1] != '/') {
+      return directory();
+    }
+
+    function directory() {
+      if (!redirect) return next();
+      var target;
+      originalUrl.pathname += '/';
+      target = url.format(originalUrl);
+      res.statusCode = 303;
+      res.setHeader('Location', target);
+      res.end('Redirecting to ' + utils.escape(target));
+    }
+
+    function error(err) {
+      if (404 == err.status) return next();
+      next(err);
+    }
+
+    send(req, path)
+      .maxage(options.maxAge || 0)
+      .root(root)
+      .index(options.index || 'index.html')
+      .hidden(options.hidden)
+      .on('error', error)
+      .on('directory', directory)
+      .pipe(res);
+  };
+};

lib/patch.js

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*!
+ * Connect
+ * Copyright(c) 2011 TJ Holowaychuk
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var http = require('http');
+var ServerResponse = http.ServerResponse;
+
+// apply only once
+if (ServerResponse.prototype._hasConnectPatch) {
+  return;
+}
+
+// original methods
+var setHeader = ServerResponse.prototype.setHeader;
+var writeHead = ServerResponse.prototype.writeHead;
+
+/**
+ * Set header `field` to `val`, special-casing
+ * the `Set-Cookie` field for multiple support.
+ *
+ * @param {String} field
+ * @param {String} val
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+ServerResponse.prototype.setHeader = function(field, val){
+  var key = field.toLowerCase();
+
+  if ('content-type' == key && this.charset) {
+    val += '; charset=' + this.charset;
+  }
+
+  return setHeader.call(this, field, val);
+};
+
+ServerResponse.prototype.writeHead = function(statusCode, reasonPhrase, headers){
+  if (typeof reasonPhrase === 'object') headers = reasonPhrase;
+  if (typeof headers === 'object') {
+    Object.keys(headers).forEach(function(key){
+      this.setHeader(key, headers[key]);
+    }, this);
+  }
+  if (!this._emittedHeader) this.emit('header');
+  this._emittedHeader = true;
+  return writeHead.call(this, statusCode, reasonPhrase);
+};
+
+ServerResponse.prototype._hasConnectPatch = true;

lib/request.js

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
  * Module dependencies.
  */
 
+var accepts = require('accepts');
+var typeis = require('type-is');
 var http = require('http')
   , utils = require('./utils')
-  , connect = require('connect')
   , fresh = require('fresh')
   , parseRange = require('range-parser')
-  , parse = connect.utils.parseUrl
-  , mime = connect.mime;
+  , parse = utils.parseUrl
 
 /**
  * Request prototype.
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ req.header = function(name){
 };
 
 /**
+ * To do: update docs.
+ *
  * Check if the given `type(s)` is acceptable, returning
  * the best match when true, otherwise `undefined`, in which
  * case you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ req.header = function(name){
  * The `type` value may be a single mime type string
  * such as "application/json", the extension name
  * such as "json", a comma-delimted list such as "json, html, text/plain",
+ * an argument list such as `"json", "html", "text/plain"`,
  * or an array `["json", "html", "text/plain"]`. When a list
  * or array is given the _best_ match, if any is returned.
  *
@@ -89,6 +92,7 @@ req.header = function(name){
  *
  *     // Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
  *     req.accepts(['html', 'json']);
+ *     req.accepts('html', 'json');
  *     req.accepts('html, json');
  *     // => "json"
  *
@@ -97,8 +101,9 @@ req.header = function(name){
  * @api public
  */
 
-req.accepts = function(type){
-  return utils.accepts(type, this.get('Accept'));
+req.accepts = function(){
+  var accept = accepts(this);
+  return accept.types.apply(accept, arguments);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -109,11 +114,15 @@ req.accepts = function(type){
  * @api public
  */
 
-req.acceptsEncoding = function(encoding){
-  return !! ~this.acceptedEncodings.indexOf(encoding);
+req.acceptsEncoding = // backwards compatibility
+req.acceptsEncodings = function(){
+  var accept = accepts(this);
+  return accept.encodings.apply(accept, arguments);
 };
 
 /**
+ * To do: update docs.
+ *
  * Check if the given `charset` is acceptable,
  * otherwise you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
  *
@@ -122,14 +131,15 @@ req.acceptsEncoding = function(encoding){
  * @api public
  */
 
-req.acceptsCharset = function(charset){
-  var accepted = this.acceptedCharsets;
-  return accepted.length
-    ? !! ~accepted.indexOf(charset)
-    : true;
+req.acceptsCharset = // backwards compatibility
+req.acceptsCharsets = function(){
+  var accept = accepts(this);
+  return accept.charsets.apply(accept, arguments);
 };
 
 /**
+ * To do: update docs.
+ *
  * Check if the given `lang` is acceptable,
  * otherwise you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
  *
@@ -138,11 +148,10 @@ req.acceptsCharset = function(charset){
  * @api public
  */
 
-req.acceptsLanguage = function(lang){
-  var accepted = this.acceptedLanguages;
-  return accepted.length
-    ? !! ~accepted.indexOf(lang)
-    : true;
+req.acceptsLanguage = // backwards compatibility
+req.acceptsLanguages = function(lang){
+  var accept = accepts(this);
+  return accept.languages.apply(accept, arguments);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -171,98 +180,6 @@ req.range = function(size){
   return parseRange(size, range);
 };
 
-/**
- * Return an array of encodings.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     ['gzip', 'deflate']
- *
- * @return {Array}
- * @api public
- */
-
-req.__defineGetter__('acceptedEncodings', function(){
-  var accept = this.get('Accept-Encoding');
-  return accept
-    ? accept.trim().split(/ *, */)
-    : [];
-});
-
-/**
- * Return an array of Accepted media types
- * ordered from highest quality to lowest.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     [ { value: 'application/json',
- *         quality: 1,
- *         type: 'application',
- *         subtype: 'json' },
- *       { value: 'text/html',
- *         quality: 0.5,
- *         type: 'text',
- *         subtype: 'html' } ]
- *
- * @return {Array}
- * @api public
- */
-
-req.__defineGetter__('accepted', function(){
-  var accept = this.get('Accept');
-  return accept
-    ? utils.parseAccept(accept)
-    : [];
-});
-
-/**
- * Return an array of Accepted languages
- * ordered from highest quality to lowest.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     Accept-Language: en;q=.5, en-us
- *     ['en-us', 'en']
- *
- * @return {Array}
- * @api public
- */
-
-req.__defineGetter__('acceptedLanguages', function(){
-  var accept = this.get('Accept-Language');
-  return accept
-    ? utils
-      .parseParams(accept)
-      .map(function(obj){
-        return obj.value;
-      })
-    : [];
-});
-
-/**
- * Return an array of Accepted charsets
- * ordered from highest quality to lowest.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     Accept-Charset: iso-8859-5;q=.2, unicode-1-1;q=0.8
- *     ['unicode-1-1', 'iso-8859-5']
- *
- * @return {Array}
- * @api public
- */
-
-req.__defineGetter__('acceptedCharsets', function(){
-  var accept = this.get('Accept-Charset');
-  return accept
-    ? utils
-      .parseParams(accept)
-      .map(function(obj){
-        return obj.value;
-      })
-    : [];
-});
-
 /**
  * Return the value of param `name` when present or `defaultValue`.
  *
@@ -272,7 +189,7 @@ req.__defineGetter__('acceptedCharsets', function(){
  *
  * To utilize request bodies, `req.body`
  * should be an object. This can be done by using
- * the `connect.bodyParser()` middleware.
+ * the `bodyParser()` middleware.
  *
  * @param {String} name
  * @param {Mixed} [defaultValue]
@@ -316,19 +233,9 @@ req.param = function(name, defaultValue){
  * @api public
  */
 
-req.is = function(type){
-  var ct = this.get('Content-Type');
-  if (!ct) return false;
-  ct = ct.split(';')[0];
-  if (!~type.indexOf('/')) type = mime.lookup(type);
-  if (~type.indexOf('*')) {
-    type = type.split('/');
-    ct = ct.split('/');
-    if ('*' == type[0] && type[1] == ct[1]) return true;
-    if ('*' == type[1] && type[0] == ct[0]) return true;
-    return false;
-  }
-  return !! ~ct.indexOf(type);
+req.is = function(types){
+  if (!Array.isArray(types)) types = [].slice.call(arguments);
+  return typeis(this, types);
 };
 
 /**

lib/response.js

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 
 var http = require('http')
   , path = require('path')
-  , connect = require('connect')
-  , utils = connect.utils
+  , mixin = require('utils-merge')
+  , escapeHtml = require('escape-html')
   , sign = require('cookie-signature').sign
   , normalizeType = require('./utils').normalizeType
   , normalizeTypes = require('./utils').normalizeTypes
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ var http = require('http')
   , statusCodes = http.STATUS_CODES
   , cookie = require('cookie')
   , send = require('send')
-  , mime = connect.mime
+  , resolve = require('url').resolve
   , basename = path.basename
   , extname = path.extname
-  , join = path.join;
+  , mime = send.mime
 
 /**
  * Response prototype.
@@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ res.status = function(code){
  */
 
 res.links = function(links){
-  return this.set('Link', Object.keys(links).map(function(rel){
+  var link = this.get('Link') || '';
+  if (link) link += ', ';
+  return this.set('Link', link + Object.keys(links).map(function(rel){
     return '<' + links[rel] + '>; rel="' + rel + '"';
   }).join(', '));
 };
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ res.send = function(body){
 
   // ETag support
   // TODO: W/ support
-  if (app.settings.etag && len > 1024 && 'GET' == req.method) {
+  if (app.settings.etag && len && 'GET' == req.method) {
     if (!this.get('ETag')) {
       this.set('ETag', etag(body));
     }
@@ -188,6 +190,7 @@ res.json = function(obj){
   var body = JSON.stringify(obj, replacer, spaces);
 
   // content-type
+  this.charset = this.charset || 'utf-8';
   this.get('Content-Type') || this.set('Content-Type', 'application/json');
 
   return this.send(body);
@@ -236,10 +239,10 @@ res.jsonp = function(obj){
 
   // jsonp
   if (callback) {
-    if (callback instanceof Array) callback = callback[0];
+    if (Array.isArray(callback)) callback = callback[0];
     this.set('Content-Type', 'text/javascript');
     var cb = callback.replace(/[^\[\]\w$.]/g, '');
-    body = cb + ' && ' + cb + '(' + body + ');';
+    body = 'typeof ' + cb + ' === \'function\' && ' + cb + '(' + body + ');';
   }
 
   return this.send(body);
@@ -308,23 +311,23 @@ res.sendfile = function(path, options, fn){
 
     // clean up
     cleanup();
-    if (!self.headerSent) self.removeHeader('Content-Disposition');
+    if (!self.headersSent) self.removeHeader('Content-Disposition');
 
     // callback available
     if (fn) return fn(err);
 
     // list in limbo if there's no callback
-    if (self.headerSent) return;
+    if (self.headersSent) return;
 
     // delegate
     next(err);
   }
 
   // streaming
-  function stream() {
+  function stream(stream) {
     if (done) return;
     cleanup();
-    if (fn) self.on('finish', fn);
+    if (fn) stream.on('end', fn);
   }
 
   // cleanup
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ res.sendfile = function(path, options, fn){
  * Optionally providing an alternate attachment `filename`,
  * and optional callback `fn(err)`. The callback is invoked
  * when the data transfer is complete, or when an error has
- * ocurred. Be sure to check `res.headerSent` if you plan to respond.
+ * ocurred. Be sure to check `res.headersSent` if you plan to respond.
  *
  * This method uses `res.sendfile()`.
  *
@@ -462,10 +465,13 @@ res.format = function(obj){
 
   var key = req.accepts(keys);
 
-  this.set('Vary', 'Accept');
+  this.vary("Accept");
 
   if (key) {
-    this.set('Content-Type', normalizeType(key).value);
+    var type = normalizeType(key).value;
+    var charset = mime.charsets.lookup(type);
+    if (charset) type += '; charset=' + charset;
+    this.set('Content-Type', type);
     obj[key](req, this, next);
   } else if (fn) {
     fn();
@@ -551,7 +557,7 @@ res.get = function(field){
 res.clearCookie = function(name, options){
   var opts = { expires: new Date(1), path: '/' };
   return this.cookie(name, '', options
-    ? utils.merge(opts, options)
+    ? mixin(opts, options)
     : opts);
 };
 
@@ -579,10 +585,10 @@ res.clearCookie = function(name, options){
  */
 
 res.cookie = function(name, val, options){
-  options = utils.merge({}, options);
+  options = mixin({}, options);
   var secret = this.req.secret;
   var signed = options.signed;
-  if (signed && !secret) throw new Error('connect.cookieParser("secret") required for signed cookies');
+  if (signed && !secret) throw new Error('cookieParser("secret") required for signed cookies');
   if ('number' == typeof val) val = val.toString();
   if ('object' == typeof val) val = 'j:' + JSON.stringify(val);
   if (signed) val = 's:' + sign(val, secret);
@@ -591,7 +597,18 @@ res.cookie = function(name, val, options){
     options.maxAge /= 1000;
   }
   if (null == options.path) options.path = '/';
-  this.set('Set-Cookie', cookie.serialize(name, String(val), options));
+  var headerVal = cookie.serialize(name, String(val), options);
+
+  // supports multiple 'res.cookie' calls by getting previous value
+  var prev = this.get('Set-Cookie');
+  if (prev) {
+    if (Array.isArray(prev)) {
+      headerVal = prev.concat(headerVal);
+    } else {
+      headerVal = [prev, headerVal];
+    }
+  }
+  this.set('Set-Cookie', headerVal);
   return this;
 };
 
@@ -599,8 +616,7 @@ res.cookie = function(name, val, options){
 /**
  * Set the location header to `url`.
  *
- * The given `url` can also be the name of a mapped url, for
- * example by default express supports "back" which redirects
+ * The given `url` can also be "back", which redirects
  * to the _Referrer_ or _Referer_ headers or "/".
  *
  * Examples:
@@ -628,22 +644,19 @@ res.cookie = function(name, val, options){
 
 res.location = function(url){
   var app = this.app
-    , req = this.req;
+    , req = this.req
+    , path;
 
-  // setup redirect map
-  var map = { back: req.get('Referrer') || '/' };
-
-  // perform redirect
-  url = map[url] || url;
+  // "back" is an alias for the referrer
+  if ('back' == url) url = req.get('Referrer') || '/';
 
   // relative
   if (!~url.indexOf('://') && 0 != url.indexOf('//')) {
-    var path
-
     // relative to path
     if ('.' == url[0]) {
-      path = req.originalUrl.split('?')[0]
-      url =  path + ('/' == path[path.length - 1] ? '' : '/') + url;
+      path = req.originalUrl.split('?')[0];
+      path = path + ('/' == path[path.length - 1] ? '' : '/');
+      url = resolve(path, url);
       // relative to mount-point
     } else if ('/' != url[0]) {
       path = app.path();
@@ -678,8 +691,7 @@ res.location = function(url){
  */
 
 res.redirect = function(url){
-  var app = this.app
-    , head = 'HEAD' == this.req.method
+  var head = 'HEAD' == this.req.method
     , status = 302
     , body;
 
@@ -704,7 +716,7 @@ res.redirect = function(url){
     },
 
     html: function(){
-      var u = utils.escape(url);
+      var u = escapeHtml(url);
       body = '<p>' + statusCodes[status] + '. Redirecting to <a href="' + u + '">' + u + '</a></p>';
     },
 
@@ -719,6 +731,44 @@ res.redirect = function(url){
   this.end(head ? null : body);
 };
 
+/**
+ * Add `field` to Vary. If already present in the Vary set, then
+ * this call is simply ignored.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|String} field
+ * @param {ServerResponse} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+res.vary = function(field){
+  var self = this;
+
+  // nothing
+  if (!field) return this;
+
+  // array
+  if (Array.isArray(field)) {
+    field.forEach(function(field){
+      self.vary(field);
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  var vary = this.get('Vary');
+
+  // append
+  if (vary) {
+    vary = vary.split(/ *, */);
+    if (!~vary.indexOf(field)) vary.push(field);
+    this.set('Vary', vary.join(', '));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // set
+  this.set('Vary', field);
+  return this;
+};
+
 /**
  * Render `view` with the given `options` and optional callback `fn`.
  * When a callback function is given a response will _not_ be made

lib/router/index.js

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ var Route = require('./route')
   , utils = require('../utils')
   , methods = require('methods')
   , debug = require('debug')('express:router')
-  , parse = require('connect').utils.parseUrl;
+  , parseUrl = utils.parseUrl;
 
 /**
  * Expose `Router` constructor.
@@ -24,22 +24,47 @@ exports = module.exports = Router;
 function Router(options) {
   options = options || {};
   var self = this;
-  this.map = {};
-  this.params = {};
-  this._params = [];
-  this.caseSensitive = options.caseSensitive;
-  this.strict = options.strict;
-  this.middleware = function router(req, res, next){
-    self._dispatch(req, res, next);
-  };
+
+  self.params = {};
+  self._params = [];
+  self.caseSensitive = options.caseSensitive;
+  self.strict = options.strict;
+  self.stack = [];
+
+  self.middleware = self.handle.bind(self);
 }
 
 /**
- * Register a param callback `fn` for the given `name`.
+ * Map the given param placeholder `name`(s) to the given callback.
  *
- * @param {String|Function} name
+ * Parameter mapping is used to provide pre-conditions to routes
+ * which use normalized placeholders. For example a _:user_id_ parameter
+ * could automatically load a user's information from the database without
+ * any additional code,
+ *
+ * The callback uses the same signature as middleware, the only difference
+ * being that the value of the placeholder is passed, in this case the _id_
+ * of the user. Once the `next()` function is invoked, just like middleware
+ * it will continue on to execute the route, or subsequent parameter functions.
+ *
+ * Just like in middleware, you must either respond to the request or call next
+ * to avoid stalling the request.
+ *
+ *  app.param('user_id', function(req, res, next, id){
+ *    User.find(id, function(err, user){
+ *      if (err) {
+ *        return next(err);
+ *      } else if (!user) {
+ *        return next(new Error('failed to load user'));
+ *      }
+ *      req.user = user;
+ *      next();
+ *    });
+ *  });
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
  * @param {Function} fn
- * @return {Router} for chaining
+ * @return {app} for chaining
  * @api public
  */
 
@@ -55,6 +80,10 @@ Router.prototype.param = function(name, fn){
     , len = params.length
     , ret;
 
+  if (name[0] === ':') {
+    name = name.substr(1);
+  }
+
   for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
     if (ret = params[i](name, fn)) {
       fn = ret;
@@ -72,240 +101,271 @@ Router.prototype.param = function(name, fn){
 };
 
 /**
- * Route dispatcher aka the route "middleware".
+ * Dispatch a req, res into the router.
  *
- * @param {IncomingMessage} req
- * @param {ServerResponse} res
- * @param {Function} next
  * @api private
  */
 
-Router.prototype._dispatch = function(req, res, next){
-  var params = this.params
-    , self = this;
-
-  debug('dispatching %s %s (%s)', req.method, req.url, req.originalUrl);
-
-  // route dispatch
-  (function pass(i, err){
-    var paramCallbacks
-      , paramIndex = 0
-      , paramVal
-      , route
-      , keys
-      , key;
-
-    // match next route
-    function nextRoute(err) {
-      pass(req._route_index + 1, err);
-    }
-
-    // match route
-    req.route = route = self.matchRequest(req, i);
-
-    // implied OPTIONS
-    if (!route && 'OPTIONS' == req.method) return self._options(req, res);
-
-    // no route
-    if (!route) return next(err);
-    debug('matched %s %s', route.method, route.path);
-
-    // we have a route
-    // start at param 0
-    req.params = route.params;
-    keys = route.keys;
-    i = 0;
-
-    // param callbacks
-    function param(err) {
-      paramIndex = 0;
-      key = keys[i++];
-      paramVal = key && req.params[key.name];
-      paramCallbacks = key && params[key.name];
-
-      try {
-        if ('route' == err) {
-          nextRoute();
-        } else if (err) {
-          i = 0;
-          callbacks(err);
-        } else if (paramCallbacks && undefined !== paramVal) {
-          paramCallback();
-        } else if (key) {
-          param();
-        } else {
-          i = 0;
-          callbacks();
-        }
-      } catch (err) {
-        param(err);
-      }
-    };
-
-    param(err);
-
-    // single param callbacks
-    function paramCallback(err) {
-      var fn = paramCallbacks[paramIndex++];
-      if (err || !fn) return param(err);
-      fn(req, res, paramCallback, paramVal, key.name);
-    }
-
-    // invoke route callbacks
-    function callbacks(err) {
-      var fn = route.callbacks[i++];
-      try {
-        if ('route' == err) {
-          nextRoute();
-        } else if (err && fn) {
-          if (fn.length < 4) return callbacks(err);
-          fn(err, req, res, callbacks);
-        } else if (fn) {
-          if (fn.length < 4) return fn(req, res, callbacks);
-          callbacks();
-        } else {
-          nextRoute(err);
-        }
-      } catch (err) {
-        callbacks(err);
-      }
-    }
-  })(0);
-};
-
-/**
- * Respond to __OPTIONS__ method.
- *
- * @param {IncomingMessage} req
- * @param {ServerResponse} res
- * @api private
- */
-
-Router.prototype._options = function(req, res){
-  var path = parse(req).pathname
-    , body = this._optionsFor(path).join(',');
-  res.set('Allow', body).send(body);
-};
-
-/**
- * Return an array of HTTP verbs or "options" for `path`.
- *
- * @param {String} path
- * @return {Array}
- * @api private
- */
-
-Router.prototype._optionsFor = function(path){
+Router.prototype.handle = function(req, res, done) {
   var self = this;
-  return methods.filter(function(method){
-    var routes = self.map[method];
-    if (!routes || 'options' == method) return;
-    for (var i = 0, len = routes.length; i < len; ++i) {
-      if (routes[i].match(path)) return true;
-    }
-  }).map(function(method){
-    return method.toUpperCase();
-  });
-};
 
-/**
- * Attempt to match a route for `req`
- * with optional starting index of `i`
- * defaulting to 0.
- *
- * @param {IncomingMessage} req
- * @param {Number} i
- * @return {Route}
- * @api private
- */
+  debug('dispatching %s %s', req.method, req.url);
 
-Router.prototype.matchRequest = function(req, i, head){
-  var method = req.method.toLowerCase()
-    , url = parse(req)
-    , path = url.pathname
-    , routes = this.map
-    , i = i || 0
-    , route;
+  var method = req.method.toLowerCase();
 
-  // HEAD support
-  if (!head && 'head' == method) {
-    route = this.matchRequest(req, i, true);
-    if (route) return route;
-     method = 'get';
+  var search = 1 + req.url.indexOf('?');
+  var pathlength = search ? search - 1 : req.url.length;
+  var fqdn = 1 + req.url.substr(0, pathlength).indexOf('://');
+  var protohost = fqdn ? req.url.substr(0, req.url.indexOf('/', 2 + fqdn)) : '';
+  var idx = 0;
+  var removed = '';
+  var slashAdded = false;
+
+  // store options for OPTIONS request
+  // only used if OPTIONS request
+  var options = [];
+
+  // middleware and routes
+  var stack = this.stack;
+
+  // for options requests, respond with a default if nothing else responds
+  if (method === 'options') {
+    var old = done;
+    done = function(err) {
+      if (err || options.length === 0) return old(err);
+
+      var body = options.join(',');
+      return res.set('Allow', body).send(body);
+    };
   }
 
-  // routes for this method
-  if (routes = routes[method]) {
+  (function next(err) {
+    if (err === 'route') {
+      err = undefined;
+    }
 
-    // matching routes
-    for (var len = routes.length; i < len; ++i) {
-      route = routes[i];
-      if (route.match(path)) {
-        req._route_index = i;
-        return route;
+    var layer = stack[idx++];
+    if (!layer) {
+      return done(err);
+    }
+
+    if (slashAdded) {
+      req.url = req.url.substr(1);
+      slashAdded = false;
+    }
+
+    req.url = protohost + removed + req.url.substr(protohost.length);
+    req.originalUrl = req.originalUrl || req.url;
+    removed = '';
+
+    try {
+      var path = parseUrl(req).pathname;
+      if (undefined == path) path = '/';
+
+      // route object and not middleware
+      var route = layer.route;
+
+      // handle route
+      if (route) {
+        // we don't run any routs with error first
+        if (err || !route.match(path)) {
+          return next(err);
+        }
+
+        req.params = route.params;
+
+        // we can now dispatch to the route
+        if (method === 'options' && !route.methods['options']) {
+          options.push.apply(options, route._options());
+        }
+
+        return self.process_params(route, req, res, function(err) {
+          if (err) {
+            return next(err);
+          }
+
+          route.dispatch(req, res, next);
+        });
       }
+
+      // skip this layer if the path doesn't match.
+      if (0 != path.toLowerCase().indexOf(layer.path.toLowerCase())) return next(err);
+
+      var c = path[layer.path.length];
+      if (c && '/' != c && '.' != c) return next(err);
+
+      // Trim off the part of the url that matches the route
+      // middleware (.use stuff) needs to have the path stripped
+      debug('trim prefix (%s) from url %s', removed, req.url);
+      removed = layer.path;
+      req.url = protohost + req.url.substr(protohost.length + removed.length);
+
+      // Ensure leading slash
+      if (!fqdn && '/' != req.url[0]) {
+        req.url = '/' + req.url;
+        slashAdded = true;
+      }
+
+      debug('%s %s : %s', layer.handle.name || 'anonymous', layer.path, req.originalUrl);
+      var arity = layer.handle.length;
+      if (err) {
+        if (arity === 4) {
+          layer.handle(err, req, res, next);
+        } else {
+          next(err);
+        }
+      } else if (arity < 4) {
+        layer.handle(req, res, next);
+      } else {
+        next(err);
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      next(err);
     }
+  })();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Process any parameters for the route.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Router.prototype.process_params = function(route, req, res, done) {
+  var self = this;
+  var params = this.params;
+
+  // captured parameters from the route, keys and values
+  var keys = route.keys || [];
+
+  var i = 0;
+  var paramIndex = 0;
+  var key;
+  var paramVal;
+  var paramCallbacks;
+
+  // process params in order
+  // param callbacks can be async
+  function param(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      return done(err);
+    }
+
+    if (i >= keys.length ) {
+      return done();
+    }
+
+    paramIndex = 0;
+    key = keys[i++];
+    paramVal = key && req.params[key.name];
+    paramCallbacks = key && params[key.name];
+
+    try {
+      if (paramCallbacks && undefined !== paramVal) {
+        return paramCallback();
+      } else if (key) {
+        return param();
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      done(err);
+    }
+
+    done();
+  };
+
+  // single param callbacks
+  function paramCallback(err) {
+    var fn = paramCallbacks[paramIndex++];
+    if (err || !fn) return param(err);
+    fn(req, res, paramCallback, paramVal, key.name);
   }
+
+  param();
 };
 
 /**
- * Attempt to match a route for `method`
- * and `url` with optional starting
- * index of `i` defaulting to 0.
+ * Use the given middleware function, with optional path, defaulting to "/".
  *
- * @param {String} method
- * @param {String} url
- * @param {Number} i
- * @return {Route}
- * @api private
+ * Use (like `.all`) will run for any http METHOD, but it will not add
+ * handlers for those methods so OPTIONS requests will not consider `.use`
+ * functions even if they could respond.
+ *
+ * The other difference is that _route_ path is stripped and not visible
+ * to the handler function. The main effect of this feature is that mounted
+ * handlers can operate without any code changes regardless of the "prefix"
+ * pathname.
+ *
+ * @param {String|Function} route
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {app} for chaining
+ * @api public
  */
 
-Router.prototype.match = function(method, url, i, head){
-  var req = { method: method, url: url };
-  return  this.matchRequest(req, i, head);
+Router.prototype.use = function(route, fn){
+
+  // default route to '/'
+  if ('string' != typeof route) {
+    fn = route;
+    route = '/';
+  }
+
+  // strip trailing slash
+  if ('/' == route[route.length - 1]) {
+    route = route.slice(0, -1);
+  }
+
+  // add the middleware
+  debug('use %s %s', route || '/', fn.name || 'anonymous');
+  this.stack.push({ path: route, handle: fn });
+
+  return this;
 };
 
 /**
- * Route `method`, `path`, and one or more callbacks.
+ * Create a new Route for the given path.
+ *
+ * Each route contains a separate middleware stack and VERB handlers.
+ *
+ * See the Route api documentation for details on adding handlers
+ * and middleware to routes.
  *
- * @param {String} method
  * @param {String} path
- * @param {Function} callback...
- * @return {Router} for chaining
- * @api private
+ * @return {Route}
+ * @api public
  */
 
-Router.prototype.route = function(method, path, callbacks){
-  var method = method.toLowerCase()
-    , callbacks = utils.flatten([].slice.call(arguments, 2));
-
-  // ensure path was given
-  if (!path) throw new Error('Router#' + method + '() requires a path');
-
-  // ensure all callbacks are functions
-  callbacks.forEach(function(fn, i){
-    if ('function' == typeof fn) return;
-    var type = {}.toString.call(fn);
-    var msg = '.' + method + '() requires callback functions but got a ' + type;
-    throw new Error(msg);
-  });
-
-  // create the route
-  debug('defined %s %s', method, path);
-  var route = new Route(method, path, callbacks, {
+Router.prototype.route = function(path){
+  var route = new Route(path, {
     sensitive: this.caseSensitive,
     strict: this.strict
   });
 
-  // add it
-  (this.map[method] = this.map[method] || []).push(route);
-  return this;
+  this.stack.push({ path: path, route: route });
+  return route;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Special-cased "all" method, applying the given route `path`,
+ * middleware, and callback to _every_ HTTP method.
+ *
+ * @param {String} path
+ * @param {Function} ...
+ * @return {app} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Router.prototype.all = function(path, fn) {
+  var route = this.route(path);
+  methods.forEach(function(method){
+    route[method](fn);
+  });
+};
+
+// create Router#VERB functions
 methods.forEach(function(method){
-  Router.prototype[method] = function(path){
-    var args = [method].concat([].slice.call(arguments));
-    this.route.apply(this, args);
-    return this;
+  Router.prototype[method] = function(path, fn){
+    var self = this;
+    self.route(path)[method](fn);
+    return self;
   };
 });

lib/router/route.js

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
  * Module dependencies.
  */
 
-var utils = require('../utils');
+var utils = require('../utils')
+  , debug = require('debug')('express:router:route')
+  , methods = require('methods')
 
 /**
  * Expose `Route`.
@@ -20,22 +22,25 @@ module.exports = Route;
  *   - `sensitive`    enable case-sensitive routes
  *   - `strict`       enable strict matching for trailing slashes
  *
- * @param {String} method
  * @param {String} path
- * @param {Array} callbacks
  * @param {Object} options.
  * @api private
  */
 
-function Route(method, path, callbacks, options) {
+function Route(path, options) {
+  debug('new %s', path);
   options = options || {};
   this.path = path;
-  this.method = method;
-  this.callbacks = callbacks;
+  this.params = {};
   this.regexp = utils.pathRegexp(path
     , this.keys = []
     , options.sensitive
     , options.strict);
+
+  this.stack = undefined;
+
+  // route handlers for various http methods
+  this.methods = {};
 }
 
 /**
@@ -49,24 +54,166 @@ function Route(method, path, callbacks, options) {
 
 Route.prototype.match = function(path){
   var keys = this.keys
-    , params = this.params = []
-    , m = this.regexp.exec(path);
+    , params = this.params = {}
+    , m = this.regexp.exec(path)
+    , n = 0;
 
   if (!m) return false;
 
   for (var i = 1, len = m.length; i < len; ++i) {
     var key = keys[i - 1];
 
-    var val = 'string' == typeof m[i]
-      ? decodeURIComponent(m[i])
-      : m[i];
+    try {
+      var val = 'string' == typeof m[i]
+        ? decodeURIComponent(m[i])
+        : m[i];
+    } catch(e) {
+      var err = new Error("Failed to decode param '" + m[i] + "'");
+      err.status = 400;
+      throw err;
+    }
 
     if (key) {
       params[key.name] = val;
     } else {
-      params.push(val);
+      params[n++] = val;
     }
   }
 
   return true;
 };
+
+/**
+ * @return {Array} supported HTTP methods
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Route.prototype._options = function(){
+  return Object.keys(this.methods).map(function(method) {
+    return method.toUpperCase();
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * dispatch req, res into this route
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Route.prototype.dispatch = function(req, res, done){
+  var self = this;
+  var method = req.method.toLowerCase();
+
+  if (method === 'head' && !this.methods['head']) {
+    method = 'get';
+  }
+
+  req.route = self;
+
+  // single middleware route case
+  if (typeof this.stack === 'function') {
+    this.stack(req, res, done);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  var stack = self.stack;
+  if (!stack) {
+    return done();
+  }
+
+  var idx = 0;
+  (function next_layer(err) {
+    if (err && err === 'route') {
+      return done();
+    }
+
+    var layer = stack[idx++];
+    if (!layer) {
+      return done(err);
+    }
+
+    if (layer.method && layer.method !== method) {
+      return next_layer(err);
+    }
+
+    var arity = layer.handle.length;
+    if (err) {
+      if (arity < 4) {
+        return next_layer(err);
+      }
+
+      return layer.handle(err, req, res, next_layer);
+    }
+
+    if (arity > 3) {
+      return next_layer();
+    }
+
+    layer.handle(req, res, next_layer);
+  })();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add a handler for all HTTP verbs to this route.
+ *
+ * Behaves just like middleware and can respond or call `next`
+ * to continue processing.
+ *
+ * You can use multiple `.all` call to add multiple handlers.
+ *
+ *   function check_something(req, res, next){
+ *     next();
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   function validate_user(req, res, next){
+ *     next();
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   route
+ *   .all(validate_user)
+ *   .all(check_something)
+ *   .get(function(req, res, next){
+ *     res.send('hello world');
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @param {function} handler
+ * @return {Route} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Route.prototype.all = function(fn){
+  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+    var type = {}.toString.call(fn);
+    var msg = 'Route.use() requires callback functions but got a ' + type;
+    throw new Error(msg);
+  }
+
+  if (!this.stack) {
+    this.stack = fn;
+  }
+  else if (typeof this.stack === 'function') {
+    this.stack = [{ handle: this.stack }, { handle: fn }];
+  }
+  else {
+    this.stack.push({ handle: fn });
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+methods.forEach(function(method){
+  Route.prototype[method] = function(fn){
+    debug('%s %s', method, this.path);
+
+    if (!this.methods[method]) {
+      this.methods[method] = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!this.stack) {
+      this.stack = [];
+    }
+
+    this.stack.push({ method: method, handle: fn })
+    return this;
+  };
+});

lib/utils.js

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
  * Module dependencies.
  */
 
-var mime = require('connect').mime
-  , crc32 = require('buffer-crc32');
+var mime = require('send').mime;
+var crc32 = require('buffer-crc32');
+var parse = require('url').parse;
 
 /**
  * toString ref.
@@ -24,25 +25,6 @@ exports.etag = function(body){
   return '"' + crc32.signed(body) + '"';
 };
 
-/**
- * Make `locals()` bound to the given `obj`.
- *
- * This is used for `app.locals` and `res.locals`.
- *
- * @param {Object} obj
- * @return {Function}
- * @api private
- */
-
-exports.locals = function(obj){
-  function locals(obj){
-    for (var key in obj) locals[key] = obj[key];
-    return obj;
-  };
-
-  return locals;
-};
-
 /**
  * Check if `path` looks absolute.
  *
@@ -54,6 +36,7 @@ exports.locals = function(obj){
 exports.isAbsolute = function(path){
   if ('/' == path[0]) return true;
   if (':' == path[1] && '\\' == path[2]) return true;
+  if ('\\\\' == path.substring(0, 2)) return true; // Microsoft Azure absolute path
 };
 
 /**
@@ -109,127 +92,6 @@ exports.normalizeTypes = function(types){
   return ret;
 };
 
-/**
- * Return the acceptable type in `types`, if any.
- *
- * @param {Array} types
- * @param {String} str
- * @return {String}
- * @api private
- */
-
-exports.acceptsArray = function(types, str){
-  // accept anything when Accept is not present
-  if (!str) return types[0];
-
-  // parse
-  var accepted = exports.parseAccept(str)
-    , normalized = exports.normalizeTypes(types)
-    , len = accepted.length;
-
-  for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-    for (var j = 0, jlen = types.length; j < jlen; ++j) {
-      if (exports.accept(normalized[j], accepted[i])) {
-        return types[j];
-      }
-    }
-  }
-};
-
-/**
- * Check if `type(s)` are acceptable based on
- * the given `str`.
- *
- * @param {String|Array} type(s)
- * @param {String} str
- * @return {Boolean|String}
- * @api private
- */
-
-exports.accepts = function(type, str){
-  if ('string' == typeof type) type = type.split(/ *, */);
-  return exports.acceptsArray(type, str);
-};
-
-/**
- * Check if `type` array is acceptable for `other`.
- *
- * @param {Object} type
- * @param {Object} other
- * @return {Boolean}
- * @api private
- */
-
-exports.accept = function(type, other){
-  var t = type.value.split('/');
-  return (t[0] == other.type || '*' == other.type)
-    && (t[1] == other.subtype || '*' == other.subtype)
-    && paramsEqual(type.params, other.params);
-};
-
-/**
- * Check if accept params are equal.
- *
- * @param {Object} a
- * @param {Object} b
- * @return {Boolean}
- * @api private
- */
-
-function paramsEqual(a, b){
-  return !Object.keys(a).some(function(k) {
-    return a[k] != b[k];
-  });
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse accept `str`, returning
- * an array objects containing
- * `.type` and `.subtype` along
- * with the values provided by
- * `parseQuality()`.
- *
- * @param {Type} name
- * @return {Type}
- * @api private
- */
-
-exports.parseAccept = function(str){
-  return exports
-    .parseParams(str)
-    .map(function(obj){
-      var parts = obj.value.split('/');
-      obj.type = parts[0];
-      obj.subtype = parts[1];
-      return obj;
-    });
-};
-
-/**
- * Parse quality `str`, returning an
- * array of objects with `.value`,
- * `.quality` and optional `.params`
- *
- * @param {String} str
- * @return {Array}
- * @api private
- */
-
-exports.parseParams = function(str){
-  return str
-    .split(/ *, */)
-    .map(acceptParams)
-    .filter(function(obj){
-      return obj.quality;
-    })
-    .sort(function(a, b){
-      if (a.quality === b.quality) {
-        return a.originalIndex - b.originalIndex;
-      } else {
-        return b.quality - a.quality;
-      }
-    });
-};
 
 /**
  * Parse accept params `str` returning an
@@ -257,22 +119,6 @@ function acceptParams(str, index) {
   return ret;
 }
 
-/**
- * Escape special characters in the given string of html.
- *
- * @param  {String} html
- * @return {String}
- * @api private
- */
-
-exports.escape = function(html) {
-  return String(html)
-    .replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
-    .replace(/"/g, '&quot;')
-    .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
-    .replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
-};
-
 /**
  * Normalize the given path string,
  * returning a regular expression.
@@ -311,3 +157,27 @@ exports.pathRegexp = function(path, keys, sensitive, strict) {
     .replace(/\*/g, '(.*)');
   return new RegExp('^' + path + '$', sensitive ? '' : 'i');
 }
+
+/**
+ * Parse the `req` url with memoization.
+ *
+ * @param {ServerRequest} req
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.parseUrl = function(req){
+  var parsed = req._parsedUrl;
+  if (parsed && parsed.href == req.url) {
+    return parsed;
+  } else {
+    parsed = parse(req.url);
+
+    if (parsed.auth && !parsed.protocol && ~parsed.href.indexOf('//')) {
+      // This parses pathnames, and a strange pathname like //r@e should work
+      parsed = parse(req.url.replace(/@/g, '%40'));
+    }
+
+    return req._parsedUrl = parsed;
+  }
+};

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "express",
   "description": "Sinatra inspired web development framework",
-  "version": "3.3.5",
+  "version": "3.4.7",
   "author": "TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>",
   "contributors": [
     {
@@ -22,28 +22,36 @@
     }
   ],
   "dependencies": {
-    "connect": "2.8.5",
-    "commander": "1.2.0",
-    "range-parser": "0.0.4",
-    "mkdirp": "0.3.5",
+    "accepts": "1.0.0",
+    "type-is": "1.0.0",
+    "range-parser": "1.0.0",
     "cookie": "0.1.0",
     "buffer-crc32": "0.2.1",
-    "fresh": "0.2.0",
-    "methods": "0.0.1",
-    "send": "0.1.4",
-    "cookie-signature": "1.0.1",
-    "debug": "*"
+    "fresh": "0.2.1",
+    "methods": "0.1.0",
+    "send": "0.2.0",
+    "cookie-signature": "1.0.3",
+    "merge-descriptors": "0.0.2",
+    "utils-merge": "1.0.0",
+    "escape-html": "1.0.1",
+    "qs": "0.6.6",
+    "debug": ">= 0.7.3 < 1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "ejs": "*",
-    "mocha": "*",
-    "jade": "0.30.0",
-    "hjs": "*",
-    "stylus": "*",
-    "should": "*",
-    "connect-redis": "*",
-    "marked": "*",
-    "supertest": "0.6.0"
+    "ejs": "~0.8.4",
+    "mocha": "~1.15.1",
+    "jade": "~0.30.0",
+    "hjs": "~0.0.6",
+    "stylus": "~0.40.0",
+    "should": "~2.1.1",
+    "connect-redis": "~1.4.5",
+    "marked": "0.2.10",
+    "supertest": "~0.8.1",
+    "body-parser": "1.0.0",
+    "cookie-parser": "1.0.1",
+    "static-favicon": "1.0.0",
+    "express-session": "1.0.1",
+    "morgan": "1.0.0"
   },
   "keywords": [
     "express",
@@ -57,15 +65,12 @@
     "api"
   ],
   "repository": "git://github.com/visionmedia/express",
-  "main": "index",
-  "bin": {
-    "express": "./bin/express"
-  },
   "scripts": {
     "prepublish": "npm prune",
     "test": "make test"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "*"
-  }
+    "node": ">= 0.8.0"
+  },
+  "license": "MIT"
 }

support/app.js

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ var app = express()
   , blog = express()
   , admin = express();
 
-// app.use(express.logger('dev'))
 blog.use('/admin', admin);
 app.use('/blog', blog);
 app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');

support/bench

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-NODE_ENV=production node ./support/app &
-pid=$!
-
-bench() {
-  ab -n 5000 -c 50 -k -q http://127.0.0.1:8000$1 \
-    | grep "Requests per" \
-    | cut -d ' ' -f 7 \
-    | xargs echo "$2:"
-}
-
-bench_conditional() {
-  ab -n 5000 -c 50 -H "If-None-Match: $3" -k -q http://127.0.0.1:8000$1 \
-    | grep "Requests per" \
-    | cut -d ' ' -f 7 \
-    | xargs echo "$2:"
-}
-
-sleep .5
-bench / "Hello World"
-bench /blog "Mounted Hello World"
-bench /blog/admin "Mounted 2 Hello World"
-bench /middleware "Middleware"
-bench /match "Router"
-bench /render "Render"
-bench /json "JSON tiny"
-bench /json/15 "JSON small"
-bench /json/50 "JSON medium"
-bench /json/150 "JSON large"
-
-kill -9 $pid

test/Route.js

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+
+var express = require('../')
+  , Route = express.Route
+  , methods = require('methods')
+  , assert = require('assert');
+
+describe('Route', function(){
+
+  describe('.match', function(){
+    it('should match', function(){
+      var route = new Route('/foo/bar');
+
+      assert(route.match('/foo/bar'));
+      assert(!route.match('/foo/baz'));
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('.all', function(){
+    it('should add handler', function(done){
+      var route = new Route('/foo');
+
+      route.all(function(req, res, next) {
+        assert.equal(req.a, 1);
+        assert.equal(res.b, 2);
+        next();
+      });
+
+      route.dispatch({ a:1, method: 'GET' }, { b:2 }, done);
+    })
+
+    it('should handle VERBS', function(done) {
+      var route = new Route('/foo');
+
+      var count = 0;
+      route.all(function(req, res, next) {
+        count++;
+      });
+
+      methods.forEach(function testMethod(method) {
+        route.dispatch({ method: method }, {});
+      });
+
+      assert.equal(count, methods.length);
+      done();
+    })
+
+    it('should stack', function(done) {
+      var route = new Route('/foo');
+
+      var count = 0;
+      route.all(function(req, res, next) {
+        count++;
+        next();
+      });
+
+      route.all(function(req, res, next) {
+        count++;
+        next();
+      });
+
+      route.dispatch({ method: 'GET' }, {}, function(err) {
+        assert.ifError(err);
+        count++;
+      });
+
+      assert.equal(count, 3);
+      done();
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('.VERB', function(){
+    it('should support .get', function(done){
+      var route = new Route('');
+
+      var count = 0;
+      route.get(function(req, res, next) {
+        count++;
+      })
+
+      route.dispatch({ method: 'GET' }, {});
+      assert(count);
+      done();
+    })
+
+    it('should limit to just .VERB', function(done){
+      var route = new Route('');
+
+      route.get(function(req, res, next) {
+        assert(false);
+        done();
+      })
+
+      route.post(function(req, res, next) {
+        assert(true);
+      })
+
+      route.dispatch({ method: 'post' }, {});
+      done();
+    })
+
+    it('should allow fallthrough', function(done){
+      var route = new Route('');
+
+      var order = '';
+      route.get(function(req, res, next) {
+        order += 'a';
+        next();
+      })
+
+      route.all(function(req, res, next) {
+        order += 'b';
+        next();
+      });
+
+      route.get(function(req, res, next) {
+        order += 'c';
+      })
+
+      route.dispatch({ method: 'get' }, {});
+      assert.equal(order, 'abc');
+      done();
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('errors', function(){
+    it('should handle errors via arity 4 functions', function(done){
+      var route = new Route('');
+
+      var order = '';
+      route.all(function(req, res, next){
+        next(new Error('foobar'));
+      });
+
+      route.all(function(req, res, next){
+        order += '0';
+        next();
+      });
+
+      route.all(function(err, req, res, next){
+        order += 'a';
+        next(err);
+      });
+
+      route.all(function(err, req, res, next){
+        assert.equal(err.message, 'foobar');
+        assert.equal(order, 'a');
+        done();
+      });
+
+      route.dispatch({ method: 'get' }, {});
+    })
+  })
+})

test/Router.js

@@ -1,103 +1,97 @@
 
 var express = require('../')
   , Router = express.Router
-  , request = require('./support/http')
+  , methods = require('methods')
   , assert = require('assert');
 
 describe('Router', function(){
-  var router, app;
-
-  beforeEach(function(){
-    router = new Router;
-    app = express();
-  })
-
-  describe('.match(method, url, i)', function(){
-    it('should match based on index', function(){
-      router.route('get', '/foo', function(){});
-      router.route('get', '/foob?', function(){});
-      router.route('get', '/bar', function(){});
-
-      var method = 'GET';
-      var url = '/foo?bar=baz';
-
-      var route = router.match(method, url, 0);
-      route.constructor.name.should.equal('Route');
-      route.method.should.equal('get');
-      route.path.should.equal('/foo');
-
-      var route = router.match(method, url, 1);
-      route.path.should.equal('/foob?');
-
-      var route = router.match(method, url, 2);
-      assert(!route);
-
-      url = '/bar';
-      var route = router.match(method, url);
-      route.path.should.equal('/bar');
-    })
-  })
-  
-  describe('.matchRequest(req, i)', function(){
-    it('should match based on index', function(){
-      router.route('get', '/foo', function(){});
-      router.route('get', '/foob?', function(){});
-      router.route('get', '/bar', function(){});
-      var req = { method: 'GET', url: '/foo?bar=baz' };
-
-      var route = router.matchRequest(req, 0);
-      route.constructor.name.should.equal('Route');
-      route.method.should.equal('get');
-      route.path.should.equal('/foo');
-
-      var route = router.matchRequest(req, 1);
-      req._route_index.should.equal(1);
-      route.path.should.equal('/foob?');
-
-      var route = router.matchRequest(req, 2);
-      assert(!route);
-
-      req.url = '/bar';
-      var route = router.matchRequest(req);
-      route.path.should.equal('/bar');
-    })
-  })
 
   describe('.middleware', function(){
     it('should dispatch', function(done){
-      router.route('get', '/foo', function(req, res){
+      var router = new Router();
+
+      router.route('/foo').get(function(req, res){
         res.send('foo');
       });
 
-      app.use(router.middleware);
-
-      request(app)
-      .get('/foo')
-      .expect('foo', done);
+      var res = {
+        send: function(val) {
+          val.should.equal('foo');
+          done();
+        }
+      }
+      router.handle({ url: '/foo', method: 'GET' }, res);
     })
   })
 
   describe('.multiple callbacks', function(){
     it('should throw if a callback is null', function(){
       assert.throws(function () {
-        router.route('get', '/foo', null, function(){});
+        var router = new Router();
+        router.route('/foo').all(null);
       })
     })
 
     it('should throw if a callback is undefined', function(){
       assert.throws(function () {
-        router.route('get', '/foo', undefined, function(){});
+        var router = new Router();
+        router.route('/foo').all(undefined);
       })
     })
 
     it('should throw if a callback is not a function', function(){
       assert.throws(function () {
-        router.route('get', '/foo', 'not a function', function(){});
+        var router = new Router();
+        router.route('/foo').all('not a function');
       })
     })
 
     it('should not throw if all callbacks are functions', function(){
-      router.route('get', '/foo', function(){}, function(){});
+      var router = new Router();
+      router.route('/foo').all(function(){}).all(function(){});
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('error', function(){
+    it('should skip non error middleware', function(done){
+      var router = new Router();
+
+      router.get('/foo', function(req, res, next){
+        next(new Error('foo'));
+      });
+
+      router.get('/bar', function(req, res, next){
+        next(new Error('bar'));
+      });
+
+      router.use(function(req, res, next){
+        assert(false);
+      });
+
+      router.use(function(err, req, res, next){
+        assert.equal(err.message, 'foo');
+        done();
+      });
+
+      router.handle({ url: '/foo', method: 'GET' }, {}, done);
+    });
+  })
+
+  describe('.all', function() {
+    it('should support using .all to capture all http verbs', function(done){
+      var router = new Router();
+
+      var count = 0;
+      router.all('/foo', function(){ count++; });
+
+      var url = '/foo?bar=baz';
+
+      methods.forEach(function testMethod(method) {
+        router.handle({ url: url, method: method }, {}, function() {});
+      });
+
+      assert.equal(count, methods.length);
+      done();
     })
   })
 })

test/acceptance/markdown.js

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ describe('markdown', function(){
     it('should respond with html', function(done){
       request(app)
         .get('/')
-        .expect(/<h1>Markdown Example<\/h1>/,done)
+        .expect(/<h1[^>]*>Markdown Example<\/h1>/,done)
     })
   })
 

test/app.js

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ describe('app.parent', function(){
   })
 })
 
-describe('app.route', function(){
+describe('app.mountpath', function(){
   it('should return the mounted path', function(){
     var app = express()
       , blog = express()
@@ -34,9 +34,21 @@ describe('app.route', function(){
     app.use('/blog', blog);
     blog.use('/admin', blogAdmin);
 
-    app.route.should.equal('/');
-    blog.route.should.equal('/blog');
-    blogAdmin.route.should.equal('/admin');
+    app.mountpath.should.equal('/');
+    blog.mountpath.should.equal('/blog');
+    blogAdmin.mountpath.should.equal('/admin');
+  })
+})
+
+describe('app.router', function(){
+  it('should throw with notice', function(done){
+    var app = express()
+
+    try {
+      app.router;
+    } catch(err) {
+      done();
+    }
   })
 })
 
@@ -71,4 +83,4 @@ describe('in production', function(){
     app.enabled('view cache').should.be.true;
     process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
   })
-})
+})

test/app.locals.js

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ describe('app', function(){
     it('should merge locals', function(){
       var app = express();
       Object.keys(app.locals).should.eql(['settings']);
-      app.locals({ user: 'tobi', age: 1 });
-      app.locals({ age: 2 });
+      app.locals.user = 'tobi';
+      app.locals.age = 2;
       Object.keys(app.locals).should.eql(['settings', 'user', 'age']);
       app.locals.user.should.equal('tobi');
       app.locals.age.should.equal(2);

test/app.options.js

@@ -15,6 +15,30 @@ describe('OPTIONS', function(){
     .expect('GET,PUT')
     .expect('Allow', 'GET,PUT', done);
   })
+
+  it('should not respond if the path is not defined', function(done){
+    var app = express();
+
+    app.get('/users', function(req, res){});
+
+    request(app)
+    .options('/other')
+    .expect(404, done);
+  })
+
+  it('should forward requests down the middleware chain', function(done){
+    var app = express();
+    var router = new express.Router();
+
+    router.get('/users', function(req, res){});
+    app.use(router.middleware);
+    app.get('/other', function(req, res){});
+
+    request(app)
+    .options('/other')
+    .expect('GET')
+    .expect('Allow', 'GET', done);
+  })
 })
 
 describe('app.options()', function(){
@@ -34,4 +58,4 @@ describe('app.options()', function(){
     .expect('GET')
     .expect('Allow', 'GET', done);
   })
-})
+})

test/app.param.js

@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ describe('app', function(){
 
       app.get('/post/:id', function(req, res){
         var id = req.params.id;
-        id.should.be.a('number');
+        id.should.be.a.Number;
         res.send('' + id);
       });
 
       app.get('/user/:uid', function(req, res){
         var id = req.params.id;
-        id.should.be.a('number');
+        id.should.be.a.Number;
         res.send('' + id);
       });
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ describe('app', function(){
 
       app.get('/user/:id', function(req, res){
         var id = req.params.id;
-        id.should.be.a('number');
+        id.should.be.a.Number;
         res.send('' + id);
       });
 

test/app.render.js

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ describe('app', function(){
         var app = express();
         app.set('views', __dirname + '/fixtures');
         app.render('rawr.jade', function(err){
-          err.message.should.equal('Failed to lookup view "rawr.jade"');
+          err.message.should.equal('Failed to lookup view "rawr.jade" in views directory "' + __dirname + '/fixtures"');
           done();
         });
       })

test/app.router.js

@@ -27,49 +27,57 @@ describe('app.router', function(){
     });
   })
 
-  it('should decode params', function(done){
-    var app = express();
+  describe('decode querystring', function(){
+    it('should decode correct params', function(done){
+      var app = express();
 
-    app.get('/:name', function(req, res, next){
-      res.send(req.params.name);
-    });
+      app.get('/:name', function(req, res, next){
+        res.send(req.params.name);
+      });
 
-    request(app)
-    .get('/foo%2Fbar')
-    .expect('foo/bar', done);
-  })
+      request(app)
+      .get('/foo%2Fbar')
+      .expect('foo/bar', done);
+    })
 
-  it('should be .use()able', function(done){
-    var app = express();
+    it('should not accept params in malformed paths', function(done) {
+      var app = express();
 
-    var calls = [];
+      app.get('/:name', function(req, res, next){
+        res.send(req.params.name);
+      });
 
-    app.use(function(req, res, next){
-      calls.push('before');
-      next();
-    });
+      request(app)
+      .get('/%foobar')
+      .expect(400, done);
+    })
 
-    app.use(app.router);
+    it('should not decode spaces', function(done) {
+      var app = express();
 
-    app.use(function(req, res, next){
-      calls.push('after');
-      res.end();
-    });
+      app.get('/:name', function(req, res, next){
+        res.send(req.params.name);
+      });
 
-    app.get('/', function(req, res, next){
-      calls.push('GET /')
-      next();
-    });
+      request(app)
+      .get('/foo+bar')
+      .expect('foo+bar', done);
+    })
 
-    request(app)
-    .get('/')
-    .end(function(res){
-      calls.should.eql(['before', 'GET /', 'after'])
-      done();
+    it('should work with unicode', function(done) {
+      var app = express();
+
+      app.get('/:name', function(req, res, next){
+        res.send(req.params.name);
+      });
+
+      request(app)
+      .get('/%ce%b1')
+      .expect('\u03b1', done);
     })
   })
 
-  it('should be auto .use()d on the first app.VERB() call', function(done){
+  it('should be .use()able', function(done){
     var app = express();
 
     var calls = [];
@@ -114,8 +122,8 @@ describe('app.router', function(){
       var app = express();
 
       app.get(/^\/user\/([0-9]+)\/(view|edit)?$/, function(req, res){
-        var id = req.params.shift()
-          , op = req.params.shift();
+        var id = req.params[0]
+          , op = req.params[1];
         res.end(op + 'ing user ' + id);
       });
 
@@ -290,8 +298,8 @@ describe('app.router', function(){
       var app = express();
 
       app.get('/api/*.*', function(req, res){
-        var resource = req.params.shift()
-          , format = req.params.shift();
+        var resource = req.params[0]
+          , format = req.params[1];
         res.end(resource + ' as ' + format);
       });
 

test/app.routes.js

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-
-var express = require('../')
-  , assert = require('assert')
-  , request = require('./support/http');
-
-describe('app.routes', function(){
-  it('should be initialized', function(){
-    var app = express();
-    app.routes.should.eql({});
-  })
-
-  it('should be populated with routes', function(){
-    var app = express();
-
-    app.get('/', function(req, res){});
-    app.get('/user/:id', function(req, res){});
-
-    var get = app.routes.get;
-    get.should.have.length(2);
-
-    get[0].path.should.equal('/');
-    get[0].method.should.equal('get');
-    get[0].regexp.toString().should.equal('/^\\/\\/?$/i');
-
-    get[1].path.should.equal('/user/:id');
-    get[1].method.should.equal('get');
-  })
-
-  it('should be mutable', function(done){
-    var app = express();
-
-    app.get('/', function(req, res){});
-    app.get('/user/:id', function(req, res){});
-
-    var get = app.routes.get;
-    get.should.have.length(2);
-
-    get[0].path.should.equal('/');
-    get[0].method.should.equal('get');
-    get[0].regexp.toString().should.equal('/^\\/\\/?$/i');
-
-    get.splice(1);
-
-    request(app)
-    .get('/user/12')
-    .expect(404, done);
-  })
-})

test/config.env.js

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-
-var express = require('../');
-
-describe('config', function(){
-  describe('.configure()', function(){
-    describe('when no env is given', function(){
-      it('should always execute', function(){
-        var app = express();
-        var calls = [];
-
-        app.configure(function(){
-          calls.push('all');
-        });
-
-        app.configure('test', function(){
-          calls.push('test');
-        });
-
-        app.configure('test', function(){
-          calls.push('test 2');
-        });
-
-        calls.should.eql(['all', 'test', 'test 2'])
-      })
-    })
-
-    describe('when an env is given', function(){
-      it('should only execute the matching env', function(){
-        var app = express();
-        var calls = [];
-
-        app.set('env', 'development');
-
-        app.configure('development', function(){
-          calls.push('dev');
-        });
-
-        app.configure('test', function(){
-          calls.push('test');
-        });
-
-        calls.should.eql(['dev']);
-      })
-    })
-    
-    describe('when several envs are given', function(){
-      it('should execute when matching one', function(){
-        var app = express();
-        var calls = [];
-
-        app.set('env', 'development');
-
-        app.configure('development', function(){
-          calls.push('dev');
-        });
-
-        app.configure('test', 'development', function(){
-          calls.push('dev 2');
-        });
-        
-        app.configure('development', 'test', function(){
-          calls.push('dev 3');
-        });
-        
-        app.configure('test', function(){
-          calls.push('dev 3');
-        });
-
-        calls.should.eql(['dev', 'dev 2', 'dev 3']);
-      })
-    })
-
-    it('should execute in order as defined', function(){
-      var app = express();
-      var calls = [];
-
-      app.configure(function(){
-        calls.push('all');
-      });
-      
-      app.configure('test', function(){
-        calls.push('test');
-      });
-
-      app.configure(function(){
-        calls.push('all 2');
-      });
-
-      app.configure('test', function(){
-        calls.push('test 2');
-      });
-
-      calls.should.eql(['all', 'test', 'all 2', 'test 2'])
-    })
-  })
-})

test/exports.js

@@ -4,30 +4,20 @@ var express = require('../')
   , assert = require('assert');
 
 describe('exports', function(){
-  it('should expose connect middleware', function(){
-    express.should.have.property('bodyParser');
-    express.should.have.property('session');
-    express.should.have.property('static');
-  })
-
-  it('should expose .mime', function(){
-    assert(express.mime == require('connect').mime, 'express.mime should be connect.mime');
-  })
-
   it('should expose Router', function(){
-    express.Router.should.be.a('function');
+    express.Router.should.be.a.Function;
   })
 
   it('should expose the application prototype', function(){
-    express.application.set.should.be.a('function');
+    express.application.set.should.be.a.Function;
   })
 
   it('should expose the request prototype', function(){
-    express.request.accepts.should.be.a('function');
+    express.request.accepts.should.be.a.Function;
   })
 
   it('should expose the response prototype', function(){
-    express.response.send.should.be.a('function');
+    express.response.send.should.be.a.Function;
   })
 
   it('should permit modifying the .application prototype', function(){

test/fixtures/name.jade

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+p= name

test/req.accepted.js

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-
-var express = require('../')
-  , request = require('./support/http');
-
-describe('req', function(){
-  describe('.accepted', function(){
-    it('should return an array of accepted media types', function(done){
-      var app = express();
-
-      app.use(function(req, res){
-        req.accepted[0].value.should.equal('application/json');
-        req.accepted[1].value.should.equal('text/html');
-        res.end();
-      });
-
-      request(app)
-      .get('/')
-      .set('Accept', 'text/html;q=.5, application/json')
-      .expect(200, done);
-    })
-
-    describe('when Accept is not present', function(){
-      it('should default to []', function(done){
-        var app = express();
-
-        app.use(function(req, res){
-          req.accepted.should.have.length(0);
-          res.end();
-        });
-
-        request(app)
-        .get('/')
-        .expect(200, done);
-      })
-    })
-  })
-})

test/req.acceptedCharsets.js

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-
-var express = require('../')
-  , request = require('./support/http');
-
-describe('req', function(){
-  describe('.acceptedCharsets', function(){
-    it('should return an array of accepted charsets', function(done){
-      var app = express();
-
-      app.use(function(req, res){
-        req.acceptedCharsets[0].should.equal('unicode-1-1');
-        req.acceptedCharsets[1].should.equal('iso-8859-5');
-        res.end();
-      });
-
-      request(app)
-      .get('/')
-      .set('Accept-Charset', 'iso-8859-5;q=.2, unicode-1-1;q=0.8')
-      .expect(200, done);
-    })
-
-    describe('when Accept-Charset is not present', function(){
-      it('should default to []', function(done){
-        var app = express();
-
-        app.use(function(req, res){
-          req.acceptedCharsets.should.have.length(0);
-          res.end();
-        });
-
-        request(app)
-        .get('/')
-        .expect(200, done);
-      })
-    })
-  })
-})

test/req.acceptedEncodings.js

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-
-var express = require('../')
-  , request = require('./support/http');
-
-describe('req', function(){
-  describe('.acceptedEncodings', function(){
-    it('should return an array of accepted encodings', function(done){
-      var app = express();
-
-      app.use(function(req, res){
-        req.acceptedEncodings.should.eql(['gzip', 'deflate']);
-        res.end();
-      });
-
-      request(app)
-      .get('/')
-      .set('Accept-Encoding', ' gzip, deflate')
-      .expect(200, done);
-    })
-
-    describe('when Accept-Encoding is not present', function(){
-      it('should default to []', function(done){
-        var app = express();
-
-        app.use(function(req, res){
-          req.acceptedEncodings.should.have.length(0);
-          res.end();
-        });
-
-        request(app)
-        .get('/')
-        .expect(200, done);
-      })
-    })
-  })
-})

test/req.acceptedLanguages.js

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-
-var express = require('../')
-  , request = require('./support/http');
-
-describe('req', function(){
-  describe('.acceptedLanguages', function(){
-    it('should return an array of accepted languages', function(done){
-      var app = express();
-
-      app.use(function(req, res){
-        req.acceptedLanguages[0].should.equal('en-us');
-        req.acceptedLanguages[1].should.equal('en');
-        res.end();
-      });
-
-      request(app)
-      .get('/')
-      .set('Accept-Language', 'en;q=.5, en-us')
-      .expect(200, done);
-    })
-
-    describe('when Accept-Language is not present', function(){
-      it('should default to []', function(done){
-        var app = express();
-
-        app.use(function(req, res){
-          req.acceptedLanguages.should.have.length(0);
-          res.end();
-        });
-
-        request(app)
-        .get('/')
-        .expect(200, done);
-      })
-    })
-  })
-})

test/req.accepts.js

@@ -43,20 +43,20 @@ describe('req', function(){
     })
   })
 
-  it('should accept a comma-delimited list of types', function(done){
+  it('should accept an argument list of type names', function(done){
     var app = express();
 
     app.use(function(req, res, next){
-      res.end(req.accepts('json, html'));
+      res.end(req.accepts('json', 'html'));
     });
 
     request(app)
     .get('/')
-    .set('Accept', 'text/html')
-    .expect('html', done);
+    .set('Accept', 'application/json')
+    .expect('json', done);
   })
 
-  describe('.accept(types)', function(){
+  describe('.accepts(types)', function(){
     it('should return the first when Accept is not present', function(done){
       var app = express();
 

test/req.acceptsCharset.js

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ describe('req', function(){
         var app = express();
 
         app.use(function(req, res, next){
-          res.end(req.acceptsCharset('utf-8') ? 'yes' : 'no');
+          res.end(req.acceptsCharsets('utf-8') ? 'yes' : 'no');
         });
 
         request(app)
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ describe('req', function(){
         var app = express();
 
         app.use(function(req, res, next){
-          res.end(req.acceptsCharset('utf-8') ? 'yes' : 'no');
+          res.end(req.acceptsCharsets('utf-8') ? 'yes' : 'no');
         });
 
         request(app)
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ describe('req', function(){
         var app = express();
 
         app.use(function(req, res, next){
-          res.end(req.acceptsCharset('utf-8') ? 'yes' : 'no');
+          res.end(req.acceptsCharsets('utf-8') ? 'yes' : 'no');
         });
 
         request(app)

test/req.is.js

@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@ var express = require('../')
 
 function req(ct) {
   var req = {
-      headers: { 'content-type': ct }
-    , __proto__: express.request
+    headers: {
+      'content-type': ct,
+      'transfer-encoding': 'chunked'
+    },
+    __proto__: express.request
   };
 
   return req;
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ describe('req.is()', function(){
   it('should ignore charset', function(){
     req('application/json; charset=utf-8')
     .is('json')
-    .should.be.true;
+    .should.equal('json');
   })
 
   describe('when content-type is not present', function(){
@@ -30,7 +33,7 @@ describe('req.is()', function(){
     it('should lookup the mime type', function(){
       req('application/json')
       .is('json')
-      .should.be.true;
+      .should.equal('json');
 
       req('text/html')
       .is('json')
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ describe('req.is()', function(){
     it('should match', function(){
       req('application/json')
       .is('application/json')
-      .should.be.true;
+      .should.equal('application/json');
 
       req('image/jpeg')
       .is('application/json')
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ describe('req.is()', function(){
     it('should match', function(){
       req('application/json')
       .is('*/json')
-      .should.be.true;
+      .should.equal('application/json');
 
       req('image/jpeg')
       .is('*/json')
@@ -65,7 +68,7 @@ describe('req.is()', function(){
       it('should match', function(){
         req('text/html; charset=utf-8')
         .is('*/html')
-        .should.be.true;
+        .should.equal('text/html');
 
         req('text/plain; charset=utf-8')
         .is('*/html')
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ describe('req.is()', function(){
     it('should match', function(){
       req('image/png')
       .is('image/*')
-      .should.be.true;
+      .should.equal('image/png');
 
       req('text/html')
       .is('image/*')
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@ describe('req.is()', function(){
       it('should match', function(){
         req('text/html; charset=utf-8')
         .is('text/*')
-        .should.be.true;
+        .should.equal('text/html');
 
         req('something/html; charset=utf-8')
         .is('text/*')

test/req.param.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 
 var express = require('../')
-  , request = require('./support/http');
+  , request = require('./support/http')
+  , bodyParser = require('body-parser')
 
 describe('req', function(){
   describe('.param(name, default)', function(){
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ describe('req', function(){
     it('should check req.body', function(done){
       var app = express();
 
-      app.use(express.bodyParser());
+      app.use(bodyParser());
 
       app.use(function(req, res){
         res.end(req.param('name'));

test/req.route.js

@@ -8,13 +8,11 @@ describe('req', function(){
       var app = express();
 
       app.get('/user/:id/:op?', function(req, res, next){
-        req.route.method.should.equal('get');
         req.route.path.should.equal('/user/:id/:op?');
         next();
       });
       
       app.get('/user/:id/edit', function(req, res){
-        req.route.method.should.equal('get');
         req.route.path.should.equal('/user/:id/edit');
         res.end();
       });

test/req.signedCookies.js

@@ -1,59 +1,39 @@
 
 var express = require('../')
-  , request = require('./support/http');
+  , request = require('./support/http')
+  , cookieParser = require('cookie-parser')
 
 describe('req', function(){
   describe('.signedCookies', function(){
     it('should return a signed JSON cookie', function(done){
-      var app = express()
-        , cookieHeader
-        , val;
+      var app = express();
 
-      /* So we use the same serialization for expected results. */
-      var replacer = app.get('json replacer')
-        , spaces = app.get('json spaces');
-
-      app.use(express.cookieParser('secret'));
+      app.use(cookieParser('secret'));
 
       app.use(function(req, res){
-        res.send(req.signedCookies);
+        if ('/set' == req.path) {
+          res.cookie('obj', { foo: 'bar' }, { signed: true });
+          res.end();
+        } else {
+          res.send(req.signedCookies);
+        }
       });
 
-      app.response.req = { secret: 'secret' };
-      app.response.cookie('obj', { foo: 'bar' }, { signed: true });
-      cookieHeader = app.response.get('set-cookie');
-
-      val = JSON.stringify({ obj: { foo: 'bar' } }, replacer, spaces);
       request(app)
-      .get('/')
-      .set('Cookie', cookieHeader)
-      .expect(val, done);
-    })
+      .get('/set')
+      .end(function(err, res){
+        if (err) return done(err);
+        var cookie = res.header['set-cookie'];
 
-    it('should return a signed cookie', function(done){
-      var app = express()
-        , cookieHeader
-        , val;
-
-      /* So we use the same serialization for expected results. */
-      var replacer = app.get('json replacer')
-        , spaces = app.get('json spaces');
-
-      app.use(express.cookieParser('secret'));
-
-      app.use(function(req, res){
-        res.send(req.signedCookies);
+        request(app)
+        .get('/')
+        .set('Cookie', cookie)
+        .end(function(err, res){
+          if (err) return don(err);
+          res.body.should.eql({ obj: { foo: 'bar' } });
+          done();
+        });
       });
-
-      app.response.req = { secret: 'secret' };
-      app.response.cookie('foo', 'bar', { signed: true });
-      cookieHeader = app.response.get('set-cookie');
-
-      val = JSON.stringify({ foo: 'bar' }, replacer, spaces);
-      request(app)
-      .get('/')
-      .set('Cookie', cookieHeader)
-      .expect(val, done);
     })
   })
 })

test/req.subdomains.js

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ describe('req', function(){
         request(app)
         .get('/')
         .set('Host', 'tobi.ferrets.example.com')
-        .expect('["ferrets","tobi"]', done);
+        .expect(["ferrets","tobi"], done);
       })
     })
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ describe('req', function(){
         request(app)
         .get('/')
         .set('Host', 'example.com')
-        .expect('[]', done);
+        .expect([], done);
       })
     })
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ describe('req', function(){
 
         request(app)
         .get('/')
-        .expect('[]', done);
+        .expect([], done);
       })
     })
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ describe('req', function(){
           request(app)
           .get('/')
           .set('Host', 'tobi.ferrets.sub.example.com')
-          .expect('["com","example","sub","ferrets","tobi"]', done);
+          .expect(["com","example","sub","ferrets","tobi"], done);
         })
       })
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ describe('req', function(){
           request(app)
           .get('/')
           .set('Host', 'tobi.ferrets.sub.example.com')
-          .expect('["ferrets","tobi"]', done);
+          .expect(["ferrets","tobi"], done);
         })
       })
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ describe('req', function(){
           request(app)
           .get('/')
           .set('Host', 'sub.example.com')
-          .expect('[]', done);
+          .expect([], done);
         })
       })
     })

test/res.cookie.js

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 
 var express = require('../')
   , request = require('./support/http')
-  , utils = require('connect').utils
-  , cookie = require('cookie');
+  , mixin = require('utils-merge')
+  , cookie = require('cookie')
+  , cookieParser = require('cookie-parser')
 
 describe('res', function(){
   describe('.cookie(name, object)', function(){
@@ -46,13 +47,14 @@ describe('res', function(){
       app.use(function(req, res){
         res.cookie('name', 'tobi');
         res.cookie('age', 1);
+        res.cookie('gender', '?');
         res.end();
       });
 
       request(app)
       .get('/')
       .end(function(err, res){
-        var val = ['name=tobi; Path=/', 'age=1; Path=/'];
+        var val = ['name=tobi; Path=/', 'age=1; Path=/', 'gender=%3F; Path=/'];
         res.headers['set-cookie'].should.eql(val);
         done();
       })
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
         var app = express();
 
         var options = { maxAge: 1000 };
-        var optionsCopy = utils.merge({}, options);
+        var optionsCopy = mixin({}, options);
 
         app.use(function(req, res){
           res.cookie('name', 'tobi', options)
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       it('should generate a signed JSON cookie', function(done){
         var app = express();
 
-        app.use(express.cookieParser('foo bar baz'));
+        app.use(cookieParser('foo bar baz'));
 
         app.use(function(req, res){
           res.cookie('user', { name: 'tobi' }, { signed: true }).end();
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       it('should set a signed cookie', function(done){
         var app = express();
 
-        app.use(express.cookieParser('foo bar baz'));
+        app.use(cookieParser('foo bar baz'));
 
         app.use(function(req, res){
           res.cookie('name', 'tobi', { signed: true }).end();

test/res.format.js

@@ -93,10 +93,27 @@ function test(app) {
     request(app)
     .get('/')
     .set('Accept', 'text/html; q=.5, text/plain')
-    .expect('Content-Type', 'text/plain')
+    .expect('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8')
     .expect('hey', done);
   })
 
+  it('should set the correct  charset for the Content-Type', function() {
+    request(app)
+    .get('/')
+    .set('Accept', 'text/html')
+    .expect('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8');
+
+    request(app)
+    .get('/')
+    .set('Accept', 'text/plain')
+    .expect('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8');
+
+    request(app)
+    .get('/')
+    .set('Accept', 'application/json')
+    .expect('Content-Type', 'application/json');
+  })
+
   it('should Vary: Accept', function(done){
     request(app)
     .get('/')

test/res.json.js

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
         request(app)
         .get('/')
         .end(function(err, res){
-          res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json');
+          res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
           res.text.should.equal('null');
           done();
         })
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
         request(app)
         .get('/')
         .end(function(err, res){
-          res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json');
+          res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
           res.text.should.equal('["foo","bar","baz"]');
           done();
         })
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
         request(app)
         .get('/')
         .end(function(err, res){
-          res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json');
+          res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
           res.text.should.equal('{"name":"tobi"}');
           done();
         })
@@ -95,14 +95,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
     })
 
     describe('"json spaces" setting', function(){
-      it('should default to 2 in development', function(){
-        process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';
-        var app = express();
-        app.get('json spaces').should.equal(2);
-        process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
-      })
-
-      it('should be undefined otherwise', function(){
+      it('should be undefined by default', function(){
         var app = express();
         assert(undefined === app.get('json spaces'));
       })
@@ -138,7 +131,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       .get('/')
       .end(function(err, res){
         res.statusCode.should.equal(201);
-        res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json');
+        res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
         res.text.should.equal('{"id":1}');
         done();
       })
@@ -157,7 +150,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       .get('/')
       .end(function(err, res){
         res.statusCode.should.equal(201);
-        res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json');
+        res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
         res.text.should.equal('{"id":1}');
         done();
       })

test/res.jsonp.js

@@ -16,11 +16,27 @@ describe('res', function(){
       .get('/?callback=something')
       .end(function(err, res){
         res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'text/javascript; charset=utf-8');
-        res.text.should.equal('something && something({"count":1});');
+        res.text.should.equal('typeof something === \'function\' && something({"count":1});');
         done();
       })
     })
 
+    it('should use first callback parameter with jsonp', function(done){
+      var app = express();
+
+      app.use(function(req, res){
+        res.jsonp({ count: 1 });
+      });
+
+      request(app)
+          .get('/?callback=something&callback=somethingelse')
+          .end(function(err, res){
+            res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'text/javascript; charset=utf-8');
+            res.text.should.equal('typeof something === \'function\' && something({"count":1});');
+            done();
+          })
+    })
+
     it('should allow renaming callback', function(done){
       var app = express();
 
@@ -34,10 +50,10 @@ describe('res', function(){
       .get('/?clb=something')
       .end(function(err, res){
         res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'text/javascript; charset=utf-8');
-        res.text.should.equal('something && something({"count":1});');
+        res.text.should.equal('typeof something === \'function\' && something({"count":1});');
         done();
       })
-    })      
+    })
 
     it('should allow []', function(done){
       var app = express();
@@ -50,7 +66,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       .get('/?callback=callbacks[123]')
       .end(function(err, res){
         res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'text/javascript; charset=utf-8');
-        res.text.should.equal('callbacks[123] && callbacks[123]({"count":1});');
+        res.text.should.equal('typeof callbacks[123] === \'function\' && callbacks[123]({"count":1});');
         done();
       })
     })
@@ -66,7 +82,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       .get('/?callback=foo;bar()')
       .end(function(err, res){
         res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'text/javascript; charset=utf-8');
-        res.text.should.equal('foobar && foobar({});');
+        res.text.should.equal('typeof foobar === \'function\' && foobar({});');
         done();
       })
     })
@@ -82,7 +98,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       .get('/?callback=foo')
       .end(function(err, res){
         res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'text/javascript; charset=utf-8');
-        res.text.should.equal('foo && foo({"str":"\\u2028 \\u2029 woot"});');
+        res.text.should.equal('typeof foo === \'function\' && foo({"str":"\\u2028 \\u2029 woot"});');
         done();
       });
     });
@@ -122,7 +138,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
         })
       })
     })
-    
+
     describe('when given an object', function(){
       it('should respond with json', function(done){
         var app = express();
@@ -165,14 +181,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
     })
 
     describe('"json spaces" setting', function(){
-      it('should default to 2 in development', function(){
-        process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';
-        var app = express();
-        app.get('json spaces').should.equal(2);
-        process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
-      })
-
-      it('should be undefined otherwise', function(){
+      it('should be undefined by default', function(){
         var app = express();
         assert(undefined === app.get('json spaces'));
       })
@@ -195,7 +204,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       })
     })
   })
-  
+
   describe('.json(status, object)', function(){
     it('should respond with json and set the .statusCode', function(done){
       var app = express();

test/res.links.js

@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@ var express = require('../')
   , res = express.response;
 
 describe('res', function(){
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    res.removeHeader('link');
+  });
+
   describe('.links(obj)', function(){
     it('should set Link header field', function(){
       res.links({
@@ -15,5 +20,22 @@ describe('res', function(){
           '<http://api.example.com/users?page=2>; rel="next", '
         + '<http://api.example.com/users?page=5>; rel="last"');
     })
+
+    it('should set Link header field for multiple calls', function() {
+      res.links({
+        next: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=2',
+        last: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=5'
+      });
+
+      res.links({
+        prev: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=1',
+      });
+
+      res.get('link')
+      .should.equal(
+          '<http://api.example.com/users?page=2>; rel="next", '
+        + '<http://api.example.com/users?page=5>; rel="last", '
+        + '<http://api.example.com/users?page=1>; rel="prev"');
+    })
   })
 })

test/res.locals.js

@@ -3,15 +3,12 @@ var express = require('../')
   , request = require('./support/http');
 
 describe('res', function(){
-  describe('.locals(obj)', function(){
-    it('should merge locals', function(done){
+  describe('.locals', function(){
+    it('should be empty by default', function(done){
       var app = express();
 
       app.use(function(req, res){
         Object.keys(res.locals).should.eql([]);
-        res.locals({ user: 'tobi', age: 1 });
-        res.locals.user.should.equal('tobi');
-        res.locals.age.should.equal(1);
         res.end();
       });
 

test/res.location.js

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
         request(app)
         .get('/post/1')
         .end(function(err, res){
-          res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/post/1/./edit');
+          res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/post/1/edit');
           done();
         })
       })
@@ -81,7 +81,24 @@ describe('res', function(){
         request(app)
         .get('/post/1')
         .end(function(err, res){
-          res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/post/1/../new');
+          res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/post/new');
+          done();
+        })
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('with leading ./ and containing ..', function(){
+      it('should construct path-relative urls', function(done){
+        var app = express();
+
+        app.use(function(req, res){
+          res.location('./skip/../../new').end();
+        });
+
+        request(app)
+        .get('/post/1')
+        .end(function(err, res){
+          res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/post/new');
           done();
         })
       })

test/res.redirect.js

@@ -210,17 +210,17 @@ describe('res', function(){
       request(root)
       .get('/depth1')
       .end(function(err, res){
-        res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/depth1/./index');
+        res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/depth1/index');
 
         request(root)
         .get('/depth1/depth2')
         .end(function(err, res){
-          res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/depth1/depth2/./index');
+          res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/depth1/depth2/index');
 
           request(root)
           .get('/depth1/depth2/depth3')
           .end(function(err, res){
-            res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/depth1/depth2/depth3/./index');
+            res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/depth1/depth2/depth3/index');
             done();
           })
         })
@@ -231,11 +231,11 @@ describe('res', function(){
       request(root)
       .get('/depth2')
       .end(function(err, res){
-        res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/depth2/./index');
+        res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/depth2/index');
         request(root)
         .get('/depth3')
         .end(function(err, res){
-          res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/depth3/./index');
+          res.headers.should.have.property('location', '/depth3/index');
           done();
         })
       })

test/res.render.js

@@ -47,6 +47,21 @@ describe('res', function(){
       .get('/')
       .expect('<p>tobi</p>', done);
     })
+
+    it('should expose app.locals with `name` property', function(done){
+      var app = express();
+
+      app.set('views', __dirname + '/fixtures');
+      app.locals.name = 'tobi';
+
+      app.use(function(req, res){
+        res.render('name.jade');
+      });
+
+      request(app)
+      .get('/')
+      .expect('<p>tobi</p>', done);
+    })
   
     it('should support index.<engine>', function(done){
       var app = express();

test/res.send.js

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
 
       request(app)
       .get('/')
+      .expect('Content-Length', '0')
       .expect('', done);
     })
   })
@@ -28,7 +29,10 @@ describe('res', function(){
 
       request(app)
       .get('/')
-      .expect('', done);
+      .expect('', function(req, res){
+        res.header.should.not.have.property('content-length');
+        done();
+      });
     })
   })
 
@@ -202,7 +206,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       request(app)
       .get('/')
       .end(function(err, res){
-        res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json');
+        res.headers.should.have.property('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
         res.text.should.equal('{"name":"tobi"}');
         done();
       })
@@ -321,6 +325,21 @@ describe('res', function(){
 
   describe('"etag" setting', function(){
     describe('when enabled', function(){
+      it('should send ETag even when content-length < 1024', function(done){
+        var app = express();
+
+        app.use(function(req, res){
+          res.send('kajdslfkasdf');
+        });
+
+        request(app)
+        .get('/')
+        .end(function(err, res){
+          res.headers.should.have.property('etag');
+          done();
+        });
+      })
+
       it('should send ETag ', function(done){
         var app = express();
 

test/res.sendfile.js

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       app.use(function(req, res){
         res.sendfile('test/fixtures/nope.html', function(err){
           ++calls;
-          assert(!res.headerSent);
+          assert(!res.headersSent);
           res.send(err.message);
         });
       });
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
       .get('/')
       .end(function(err, res){
         assert(1 == calls, 'called too many times');
-        res.text.should.equal("ENOENT, stat 'test/fixtures/nope.html'");
+        res.text.should.startWith("ENOENT, stat");
         res.statusCode.should.equal(200);
         done();
       });
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
 
       app.use(function(req, res){
         res.sendfile('test/fixtures/foo/../user.html', function(err){
-          assert(!res.headerSent);
+          assert(!res.headersSent);
           ++calls;
           res.send(err.message);
         });
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ describe('res', function(){
 
       app.use(function(req, res){
         res.sendfile('test/fixtures/user.html', function(err){
-          assert(!res.headerSent);
+          assert(!res.headersSent);
           req.socket.listeners('error').should.have.length(1); // node's original handler
           done();
         });

test/res.vary.js

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+
+var express = require('../')
+  , should = require('should');
+
+function response() {
+  var res = Object.create(express.response);
+  res._headers = {};
+  return res;
+}
+
+describe('res.vary()', function(){
+  describe('with no arguments', function(){
+    it('should not set Vary', function(){
+      var res = response();
+      res.vary();
+      should.not.exist(res.get('Vary'));
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('with an empty array', function(){
+    it('should not set Vary', function(){
+      var res = response();
+      res.vary([]);
+      should.not.exist(res.get('Vary'));
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('with an array', function(){
+    it('should set the values', function(){
+      var res = response();
+      res.vary(['Accept', 'Accept-Language', 'Accept-Encoding']);
+      res.get('Vary').should.equal('Accept, Accept-Language, Accept-Encoding');
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('with a string', function(){
+    it('should set the value', function(){
+      var res = response();
+      res.vary('Accept');
+      res.get('Vary').should.equal('Accept');
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('when the value is present', function(){
+    it('should not add it again', function(){
+      var res = response();
+      res.vary('Accept');
+      res.vary('Accept-Encoding');
+      res.vary('Accept-Encoding');
+      res.vary('Accept-Encoding');
+      res.vary('Accept');
+      res.get('Vary').should.equal('Accept, Accept-Encoding');
+    })
+  })
+})

test/utils.js

@@ -41,181 +41,3 @@ describe('utils.flatten(arr)', function(){
       .should.eql(['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five']);
   })
 })
-
-describe('utils.escape(html)', function(){
-  it('should escape html entities', function(){
-    utils.escape('<script>foo & "bar"')
-      .should.equal('&lt;script&gt;foo &amp; &quot;bar&quot;')
-  })
-})
-
-describe('utils.parseParams(str)', function(){
-  it('should default quality to 1', function(){
-    utils.parseParams('text/html')
-      .should.eql([{ value: 'text/html', quality: 1, params: {}, originalIndex: 0 }]);
-  })
-
-  it('should parse qvalues', function(){
-    utils.parseParams('text/html; q=0.5')
-      .should.eql([{ value: 'text/html', quality: 0.5, params: {}, originalIndex: 0 }]);
-
-    utils.parseParams('text/html; q=.2')
-      .should.eql([{ value: 'text/html', quality: 0.2, params: {}, originalIndex: 0 }]);
-  })
-
-  it('should parse accept parameters', function(){
-    utils.parseParams('application/json; ver=2.0')
-      .should.eql([{ value: 'application/json', quality: 1, params: {ver: "2.0"}, originalIndex: 0 }]);
-
-    utils.parseParams('text/html; q=0.5; level=2')
-      .should.eql([{ value: 'text/html', quality: 0.5, params: {level: "2"}, originalIndex: 0 }]);
-    utils.parseParams('text/html;q=.2;ver=beta')
-      .should.eql([{ value: 'text/html', quality: 0.2, params: {ver: "beta"}, originalIndex: 0 }]);
-  })
-
-  it('should work with messed up whitespace', function(){
-    utils.parseParams('text/html   ;  q =   .2')
-      .should.eql([{ value: 'text/html', quality: 0.2, params: {}, originalIndex: 0 }]);
-  })
-
-  it('should work with multiples', function(){
-    var str = 'da, en;q=.5, en-gb;q=.8';
-    var arr = utils.parseParams(str);
-    arr[0].value.should.equal('da');
-    arr[1].value.should.equal('en-gb');
-    arr[2].value.should.equal('en');
-  })
-
-  it('should work with long lists', function(){
-    var str = 'en, nl, fr, de, ja, it, es, pt, pt-PT, da, fi, nb, sv, ko, zh-Hans, zh-Hant, ru, pl';
-    var arr = utils.parseParams(str).map(function(o){ return o.value });
-    arr.should.eql(str.split(', '));
-  })
-
-  it('should sort by quality', function(){
-    var str = 'text/plain;q=.2, application/json, text/html;q=0.5';
-    var arr = utils.parseParams(str);
-    arr[0].value.should.equal('application/json');
-    arr[1].value.should.equal('text/html');
-    arr[2].value.should.equal('text/plain');
-  })
-
-  it('should exclude those with a quality of 0', function(){
-    var str = 'text/plain;q=.2, application/json, text/html;q=0';
-    var arr = utils.parseParams(str);
-    arr.should.have.length(2);
-  })
-})
-
-describe('utils.parseAccept(str)', function(){
-  it('should provide .type', function(){
-    var arr = utils.parseAccept('text/html');
-    arr[0].type.should.equal('text');
-  })
-
-  it('should provide .subtype', function(){
-    var arr = utils.parseAccept('text/html');
-    arr[0].subtype.should.equal('html');
-  })
-})
-
-describe('utils.accepts(type, str)', function(){
-  describe('when a string is not given', function(){
-    it('should return the value', function(){
-      utils.accepts('text/html')
-        .should.equal('text/html');
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe('when a string is empty', function(){
-    it('should return the value', function(){
-      utils.accepts('text/html', '')
-        .should.equal('text/html');
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe('when */* is given', function(){
-    it('should return the value', function(){
-      utils.accepts('text/html', 'text/plain, */*')
-        .should.equal('text/html');
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe('when an array is given', function(){
-    it('should return the best match', function(){
-      utils.accepts(['html', 'json'], 'text/plain, application/json')
-        .should.equal('json');
-
-      utils.accepts(['html', 'application/json'], 'text/plain, application/json')
-        .should.equal('application/json');
-
-      utils.accepts(['text/html', 'application/json'], 'application/json;q=.5, text/html')
-        .should.equal('text/html');
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe('when a comma-delimited list is give', function(){
-    it('should behave like an array', function(){
-      utils.accepts('html, json', 'text/plain, application/json')
-        .should.equal('json');
-
-      utils.accepts('html, application/json', 'text/plain, application/json')
-        .should.equal('application/json');
-
-      utils.accepts('text/html, application/json', 'application/json;q=.5, text/html')
-        .should.equal('text/html');
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe('when accepting type/subtype', function(){
-    it('should return the value when present', function(){
-      utils.accepts('text/html', 'text/plain, text/html')
-        .should.equal('text/html');
-    })
-
-    it('should return undefined otherwise', function(){
-      assert(null == utils.accepts('text/html', 'text/plain, application/json'));
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe('when accepting */subtype', function(){
-    it('should return the value when present', function(){
-      utils.accepts('text/html', 'text/*')
-        .should.equal('text/html');
-    })
-
-    it('should return undefined otherwise', function(){
-      assert(null == utils.accepts('text/html', 'image/*'));
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe('when accepting type/*', function(){
-    it('should return the value when present', function(){
-      utils.accepts('text/html', '*/html')
-        .should.equal('text/html');
-    })
-
-    it('should return undefined otherwise', function(){
-      assert(null == utils.accepts('text/html', '*/json'));
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe('when an extension is given', function(){
-    it('should return the value when present', function(){
-      utils.accepts('html', 'text/html, application/json')
-        .should.equal('html');
-    })
-
-    it('should return undefined otherwise', function(){
-      assert(null == utils.accepts('html', 'text/plain, application/json'));
-    })
-
-    it('should support *', function(){
-      utils.accepts('html', 'text/*')
-        .should.equal('html');
-
-      utils.accepts('html', '*/html')
-        .should.equal('html');
-    })
-  })
-})